THE IMPACT OF HOLY KAABA CUBIC SHAPE ON THE INCORPOREAL SPACE

The Holy Kaaba is the house of God; the home of greatness secrets, wisdom and divine beauty, which is reflected in all his creatures. This study aims to find the role of the shape of holy Kaaba in producing such kind of spaces and discovering the characteristics possessed by its form which has an impact in creating such incorporeal space. In this study, scientific articles and research were used to achieve the rules of research theory with taking into account considering the position of Islamic theoretical and practical wisdom. In the process of creating works of art, architecture and joint issues with urbanization, and by using the rational method to find out, in the end, the study shows the space of Holy Kaaba is a sign of divine glory from visualization and embodiment material. The nature veil in this space shines the divine light in human conscience. Human perception of space is related to his knowledge of himself and the world. Human in the use of space is approaches to percepts the true meaning of it. His intellectual device with a personal intelligent device that space is created will be compatible. The holy Kaaba spiritual space makes human feel poverty in front of the richness of the homeowner. Also, a sense of peace and sustainability due to a connection felt with God and seeking to reach the perfection that has been formed by the cube-shaped of holy Kaaba. .


INTRODUCTION
Islam means accepting the commands of God and the commandment. Islam came as an achievement for all the heavenly religions. Before building Islam and mosques, the Kaaba was the first house to accept Adam's repentance and the place of worship and prayer. Its wall was a crust with a door open to the inside. Its shape was a simple cube (the most organized form with "equal and equal" surfaces to ensure human comfort and stillness)[1] [2].
As a simple, four-faced, cubic building, the Kaaba is the metaphorical core and literal focal point of Islam. A lack of decoration on the neutral, earth-toned surface adds to the unassuming air of this building, though its implication is far from that.
In essence, it embodies all that is Islamicsimple, pure, and non-changing. It acts as a central focus point for the entire Islamic community. Unity is significant within the faith since every follower must bow to the same single zenith, bringing everyone together regardless of the distance between them [3].
The Kaaba was re-dedicated as an Islamic house of worship, and henceforth, the annual pilgrimage was to be a muslim rite, the Hajj [4] [5]. Its four faces apply to the four human faces and the purity of his soul. The vacuum created by the existence of the Kaaba is a revival of the constant feeling of God's presence in the human soul [6] [1] [7].
Human mostly feels confused and emotioned when they surround the outskirts of Kaaba. During Hajj, pilgrims participate in the completion of the Tawaf circle to achieve integration, homogeneity, disposal of additives, repetition, and elements [8].
Many people asked why they have to move that way. All indicate a close connection between the Kaaba and the surrounding area. It is an Islamic order to regulate the path in this space as stated in the Koran and Hadiths and support the theory of the approach of space architecture. It is considered by looking at the concepts of architectural space and emotions of humanity.
Some researchers said that psychologically there was an intricate connection between religion, place, identity, and attachment. The location is acknowledged as an essential component of the link [9]. Another researcher said that it is a geometrical shape or pattern which forms the feeling of a sacred place [10]. Kaaba is one of the holy places in this world, so the space around it would probably be shaped by the psychological connection of Islam or the geometrical form of itself. It becomes the focus of this research.
Therefore, the questions of this research are: What kind of nature of space is formed by the existence of the Kaaba? What are the characteristics of the geometric shape of the Kaaba and its role in the formation of this space? What kind of feelings are generated in the human soul and inspired by the spiritual space of the holy Kaaba?

METHODS
Some methods were used in this study to be consistent with the research topics. Literatures, scientific articles, and research were used to achieve the rules of research theory that include objectives and definition of the Sacred Mosque and Kaaba building.
The study was done by considering the position of Islamic theoretical and practical wisdom, and using the rational method as used in philosophical texts of Ibn Sina. The acquired sensations and resulting impact on incorporeal space and the effect of Holy Kaaba cubic shape on the spiritual area have been reached a research result.

THE "HOLY KAABA" OBJECTIVES AND DEFINITION: WHY KAABA CALLED BY THIS NAME?
Kaaba in Al moeen dictionary means any house that has four corners, a room, and a home of God-Sacred house. While Alaamid dictionary mentions anything has a cubic shape [11]. The reason for naming Kaaba by this name is because Kaaba is elevated above the ground, and Kaaba in language also means rising. In addition to the fact that Kaaba is a square-shaped, and ancient Arabs used this name for any house with four corners.
Later and in the frequent usage, "The house of God Almighty" singled out by Kaaba, so anywhere Kaaba name stated it refers to the house of God Almighty. In the Holy Quran, the word Kaaba came naturally alone in some verses, as it is mentioned in al-Maidah 95 [12] : "O you who believe! Kill not the game while you are in a state of Ihrâm [for Hajj or Umrah (pilgrimage)], and whosoever of you kills it intentionally, the penalty is an offering, brought to the Kabah, of an eatable animal (i.e. sheep, goat, cow) equivalent to the one he killed, as adjudged by two just men among you; or, for expiation, he should feed Masâkîn (poor persons), or its equivalent in Saum (fasting), that he may taste the heaviness (punishment) of his deed. Allâh has forgiven what is past, but whosoever commits it again, Allâh will take retribution from him. And Allâh is All-Mighty, All -Able of Retribution." The sentence is combined with "the sacred house" word in another verse (al-Maidah 97) [12]: "Allâh has made the Kabah, the Sacred House, an asylum of security and benefits (e.g., Hajj and Umrah) for mankind, and also the Sacred Month and the animals of offerings and the garlanded (people or animals marked with the garlands on their necks made from the outer part of the stem of the Makkah trees for their security), that you may know that Allâh has knowledge of all that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth and that Allâh is the All-Knower of each and everything ." "The house" was also called on holy Kaaba in another verse (al-Anfal 35) [12]: "Their Salât (prayer) at the House (of Allâh, i.e., the Kabah at Makkah) was nothing but whistling and clapping of hands. Therefore taste the punishment because you used to disbelieve." "Al-Masjid-Al-Harâm" also called on holy Kaaba in al-Baqarah 149 [12]: "And from wheresoever, you start forth (for prayers), turn your face in the direction of Al-Masjid-Al-Harâm (at Makkah), that is indeed the truth from your Lord. And Allâh is not unaware of what you do."

THE SACRED MOSQUE AND KAABA BUILDING
Kaaba is a building at the center of Islam's most The floor of the interior stands about 2.2 m (7.2 ft) above the ground area where tawaf is performed. The wall, directly adjacent to the entrance of Kaaba, has six tablets inlaid with inscriptions, and there are several more tablets along the other walls. Along the top corners of the walls runs a green cloth embroidered with gold Quranic verses. Caretakers anoint the marble cladding with the same scented oil used to anoint the Black Stone outside. Three pillars stand inside Kaaba, with a small altar or table set between one and the other two.
Lamp-like objects (possible lanterns or crucible censers) hang from the ceiling. The ceiling itself is of a darker color, similar in hue to the lower trimming. A golden door-(Babut Taubah meaning "Door of Repentance") -on the right wall (right of the entrance) opens to an enclosed staircase that leads to a hatch, which itself opens to the roof. Both the roof and ceiling are made of stainless steel-capped teak wood [4] [13]. This explanation can be seen in Figure 1. Each numbered item in the following list corresponds to features noted in the diagram image.
1. Al-Hajaru al-Aswad (the Black Stone) is located on Kaaba's eastern corner. Its northern edge is known as the Ruknu l-Īrāqī (the Iraqi corner), its western as the Ruknu sh-Shāmī (the Levantine corner), and its southern as Ruknu l-Yamanī (the Yemeni corner). The four corners of Kaaba roughly point toward the four cardinal directions of the compass. Its major (long) axis is aligned with the rising of the star Canopus toward which its southern wall is directed, while its minor axis (its east-west facades) roughly align with the sunrise of the summer solstice and the sunset of the winter solstice. 2. The entrance is a door set 2.13 m (7 ft) above the ground on the north-eastern wall of Kaaba, which acts as the façade. 3. Meezab-i Rahmat is a rainwater spout made of gold; added in the rebuilding of 1627 after the previous year's rain caused three of the four walls to collapse. 4. Gutter, added in 1627 to protect the foundation from groundwater. 5. Hatim (also romanized as hateem) is a low wall originally part of Kaaba [14]. It is a semi-circular wall opposite, but not connected to, the northwest wall of Kaaba. It is 90 cm (35 in) in height and 1.5 m (4.9 ft) in width and is composed of white marble. At one time the space lying between the hatīm and Kaaba belonged to Kaaba itself, and for this reason, it cannot be entered during the tawaf. 6. Al-Multazam is the roughly 2-meter space along the wall between the Black Stone and the entry door [14].

THE GEOMETRIC SHAPE OF KAABA
Kaaba is a cubic-shape building and has six square surfaces because it is near to the houses in square-shaped. Why they formed in the square shape is because there are four words in Islam: glory is to God, praise is to God, there is no god but God, and God is the greatest [14]. The overall shape of Kaaba is composed of six faces: top, bottom, and the four directions. Or as three original axes: length, width, and height, where these six faces are consist of three surfaces each one corresponds with a parallel surface and completely applies to it. In turn, these faces represent the three main axes, which also converge in central point that is the weight of the whole world and the appearance of celestial appearances [14]. [ Figure  3]   Simplicity: cubic is the simplest known shape, making human feels poverty in front of the richness of the homeowner; i.e., spiritual sense -which does not need such a complexity in form and ratios to be shown.
 Balance: optical balance appears thoroughly in all Kaaba faces, except the northwest face due to the presence of black stone which brings a higher number of chaperones around it. The thing that ostensibly breaks the optical balance, but at the same time, reminds human of holy  Kaaba entry method and that the black stone is from paradise. While "Hejer Ismail" at the other side of holy Kaaba restores balance by gathering chaperones to pray near it.
 Unity: The most important beauty assets; unity of life, afterlife, the oneness of the Creator, unity of shapes despite its plentiful, uniformity of the Islamic nation, and unity of humanity along the time [15].

KAABA ON EARTH IS A SYMBOL OF THE CREATOR OF THE WORLD
Kaaba is a simple cube because God Almighty has neither shape, nor color, nor any similar. Any design or any shape that can leap to mind is not God almighty. God is absolute without any direction. We can show "no direction" in the earth only in the following way; collecting all contradictory directions with each other to make each direction negates its opposite. In that state, the mind will be oriented to "no direction". Cube is the only shape that combines the six directions and represents them all. All directions mean non-determination of specific direction.
"And to Allâh belong the east and the west, so wherever you turn (yourselves or your faces), there is the Face of Allâh (and He is High above, over His Throne)". (Al-Baqarah: 115) [12]. Furthermore, the straight line also has its willingness and susceptibility to the guidance and integration. As such, square shape which is formed from a set of straight lines -also has the awareness to guidance, integration, and switching to circle. The circle is the closest thing to visualize the absolute. It emanated from one point and started to multiply. During Hajj, pilgrims participate in the process of completing the circle of Tawaf to reach integration, homogeneity, and getting rid of additives, redundancy, and corners. The circle is the symbol of the psyche and a statement of psychological safety from its whole aspects, including the relationship between human and nature. The circle is the symbol of protection; such as owning a ring, necklace, belt, circle of life and death, influx and flowing [16].

THE OBJECTIVES AND DEFINITION OF EXISTING APPROACHES OF "INCORPOREAL SPACE"
Architectural space can be defined through different views. There are two ways in thinking and architectural space approach: 1-Studies and researches based on threedimensional geometry basis. In these studies, which conducted using the absolute geometric method, space was considered as a system combines human's relationship with surroundings.
2-Studies and opinions according to psychology (consider space as a field of perceptual). By the closer look on architectural space and human emotions concepts in these studies, the human role gives greater importance. In these studies also, space was defined as one of the human existence dimensions [17]. Choosing the fact that the holy Kaaba space is empty of things indicates that the Creator is far above finitude, and evidence of his presence in all places. It also shows that the Creator is far above materialistic and incarnation. The matter that raises in the human soul, the divine light which removes the covers and allows divine light to radiate from the heart. Each space has particular characteristics: Substance, shape, and dimensions; Properties are resulting from form, substance, sizes, and space proportionality, which all leave an impact in the human mind; Incorporeal properties, which regenerate particular values since its being influenced by the global visions, community culture, and design methods.
Human understanding of space is related to his understanding level of himself and surroundings. Taking advantage of a particular area leads to convergence between personal thinking style of the individual, and thinking style generated from space usage, things that make human closer to knowing the space fact.

KAABA INCORPOREAL SPACE, THE COSMIC SECRET OF SQUARING THE CIRCLE
Square like a circle always had symbolic value too; the number four expresses four directions of the sky and also four seasons of a year. For this reason, it is considered as a cosmic number. Symbolic content of number four is something very ancient that has found a way to Christianity: The four gospels, and four blades of the cross. According to the shape of the cross, we can see that number four has affected on religious architecture of the west and through this way has affected the entire architecture, at least till Renaissance period. Unlike a circle, the square has two directions; the direction of two symmetry axes of the shape or the direction of its diameters. However, none of these directions dominates the other one [18].
Kaaba space is formed from two geometric shapes: square or cube (Kaaba building himself) and circle (circular Tawaf area around holy Kaaba). Inevitably there are basis and secret for selecting these two geometric forms (square and circle). Architects are trying to uncover it to detect its proportion and aesthetics to use these meanings and concepts in their designs. Kaaba (House of God) is earth center symbol, a generic term for any diagram, chart or geometric pattern that represents the cosmos metaphysically or symbolically.
Kaaba is a center world symbol and concentric circles around it (Tawaf circles) symbolize the sky rotation around this center. Space formed from holy Kaaba presence is qualitative space associated with polar geometry. All of them (triangle, square, and circle) have qualitative geometric, and through understanding them, the human can realize the ideal world to end up with the realization of truth.
Kaaba is formed from each of the squares and circle with its four corners represents the model of mosque building that contains dome, square construction, triangles, angles, and octagon. It was taken from the heavenly model which was derived from the vision of Prophet Muhammad at Maraj night. The symbolic geometric language shows the geometric formation of the universe and the connection between its elements. Geometric shapes refer to the permanent presence of God Almighty. The presence of system in creation world, guides to the most important origin of Islam, the monotheism. Universe creation is based on proportionality and systems. Grandeur and vastness of the universe are manifestations of God's justice. Cube is a symbol of the stability, perfection, and strength. It is associated with the only pole of existence. The circle comprises all shapes and is attributed to the first light or the eternal spirit.

Figure 5. Prajnaparamita Old Mandala
Kaaba is formed from each of the squares and circle with its four corners represents the model of mosque building that contains dome, square construction, triangles, angles, and octagon. It was taken from the heavenly model which was derived from the vision of Prophet Muhammad at Maraj night. The symbolic geometric language shows the geometric formation of the universe and the connection between its elements. Geometric shapes refer to the permanent presence of God Almighty. The presence of system in creation world, guides to the most important origin of Islam, the monotheism. Universe creation is based on proportionality and systems. Grandeur and vastness of the universe are manifestations of God's justice. Cube is a symbol of the stability, perfection, and strength. It is associated with the only pole of existence. The circle comprises all shapes and is attributed to the first light or the eternal spirit.
In other words, in the science of cosmic knowledge, the point shows the first symbol refers to creator, the line indicates the second symbol refers to (mind), and the triangle points out the third symbol refers to (soul). The square means the fourth symbol that indicates to four moods, four directions, four quarters of the world, four seasons, and four doors. Moreover, the Cube as a symbol refers to the body, six directions, and six movement that forces bottom, top, back, front, right and left [19].
The results of this research that described the link between the Holy Kaaba cubic shape and its incorporeal space are given in the Table 1.

CONCLUSION
The holy Kaaba is a building with cubic shape and six square Surfaces. The chosen of this name Kaaba for the house of God refers to the special geometric shape of it. It has many virtual properties, e.g.: balance, symmetry, simplicity, harmony, and unity. Cube Kaaba is a symbol of stability, integrity, and linked to the origin of creation, and the globe (a space that provides a circle of Tawaf), includes all forms. The intrinsic polarity of the circle is attributed to the first light or eternal soul. The centrality of Kaaba causes the space to acquire polarity, and the space in the presence of Kaaba is a qualitative space, which is associated with the polar geometry.
The geometric shape of square and circle is linked with qualitative geometry. And human, through its understanding by interpretation, leads to the ideal perfect world and finally, the truth. The architectural space can be defined based on psychosocial, cognitive thoughts (area as a field of perceptual), i.e. area arises as a dimension of human existence.
The space of Holy Kaaba is a sign of divine glory from visualization and embodiment material. The nature veil in this space shines the divine light in human conscience. Negation and absence of objects in this space manifestation of the glory of God, the blessed and the exalted, and presents him in all things. Human perception of space is related to his understanding of himself and the world. Human in the use of space is approaches to percepts the true meaning of it. His intellectual device with a personal intelligent device that space is created will be compatible. The holy Kaaba spiritual space makes human feel poor in front of the richness of the homeowner, a sense of order and greatness creation, a sense of peace, an absolute surrender and a balanced look. Also, a sense of peace and sustainability due to a connection felt with God and seeking to reach the perfection that has been formed by the cube-shaped of holy Kaaba.

ACKNOWLEDMENT
The author would like to thank Mr. Hasan Alhawasli for all support and assistance with the publication of this research by providing language help.

Kaaba cubic shape properties incorporeal space (the acquired sensations)
The resulting impact on between the The human can understand the ideal world to end up with the realization of truth Unity the oneness of unity of mankind These beauty assets make a human feel beauty. Unity is moving away from the causes of discord and division because there is no difference between humans and preference criterion is their religiousness