REPETITIVE ELEMENTS AND THEIR OBJECTIVES IN ANCIENT AND CONTEMPORARY MOSQUES

Aesha Adnan Gurjia, Ahmed Abdulwahid Dhannoon

Abstract


Mosques are the most important buildings in Islamic architectures. They represent the place of worship for Muslims. Like other architectural buildings, they consist of components and repeated elements forming their general structures. However, some of these formal elements have changed due to the mosque development and the contemporary trends. Therefore, this research was conducted to discover the repetitive use of the elements and the differences between ancient and contemporary mosques by studying ten samples of mosques. It showed the difference between these two periods in terms of element repetition and utilization. Moreover, it tried to find the related objectives of repetitive use within these two periods. It concluded that some elements from the ancient period were used repetitively in the contemporary mosques. Based on the analysis findings, the design objective is achieved by the repetitive use in both periods. Furthermore, the repetitive use of the elements as structural objective takes second place in ancient mosques. Meanwhile, the environmental objective is second to achieve in contemporary mosques.


Keywords


Repetitive use; mosque architecture; mosque elements; mosque types; contemporary trends in mosque architecture

Full Text:

PDF

References


C. S. Chan, "Phenomenology of rhythm in design," Frontiers of Architectural Research, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 253-258, 2012, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2012.06.003

D. H. Al-Araji, Training in Islamic Decorative Arts (Al-Hillah as a Model), attakwin fil qonuni zukhrofiyah islamiyah alkhala namudijan, 2015.

A. M. Al-Khafaji and M. Aziz, "The Mechanism of Repetition and Its Impact on Perceiving the Architectural Form," Iraqi Journal of Architecture, no. 4, pp. 344-360, 2015.

R. Thapa, "Rhythm in Architecture: an Aesthetic Appeal," Journal of the Institute of Engineering, vol. 13, pp. 206-214, 2018.

E. M. Mohamed, "The Relationship Between Interior Architecture and Music," Modern Applied Science, vol. 12, pp. 86-112, 2018, doi: doi:10.5539/mas.v12n10p86

A. A. D. Taha and O. Q. Abdulqader, "The Order of Repetition Process In Islamic Architecture Ornaments: The Case of Mosulian Traditional Houses," International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, vol. 11, pp. 1-13, 2020, doi: DOI: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2020.4

H. Al-Basha, Encyclopedia of Architecture, Archeology and Islamic Arts. Beirut, Lebanon: Oriental papers for printing, publishing and distribution, 1999.

B. O'Kane, Mosques: The 100 Most Iconic Islamic Houses of Worship, New York: Assouline, 2018.

H. R. Hitchcock, World Architecture. An Illustrated History. Paul Hamlyn, 1963.

H. M. Al-Qahtani, The principles of Islamic architecture and its contemporary transformations, Beirut, Lebanon: Center for Arab Unity Studies, 2009.

A. Ali, "Mosque Architecture in Delhi: Continuity And Change in Its Morphology," Ateet, vol. Special Issue, pp. 40-57, 2012,

A. Jaleel and B. M. Sultan, "Replacing The Mosque Stereotype To Displace The Islamophobia Concept," in Mosque Architecture: Present Issues And Future Ideas, pp. 771-805, 2019

M. Kamal, D. M. Helal, R. Ismail, and A. Eltaweel, "Mosque Design Between Iconicity And Receptiveness," in Mosque Architecture: Present Issues And Future Ideas, pp. 343-361, 2019

S. D. M. Sojak, R. N. R. Shahminan, and F. Ahmad, "Architectural Ornament On Contemporary Mosque In Malaysia," in Mosque Architecture: Present Issues And Future Ideas, pp. 597-607, 2019

O. S. Asfour, "Bridging The Gap Between The Past And The Present: A Reconsideration Of Mosque Architectural Elements," Journal of Islamic Architecture, vol.4, No.2, pp. 77-85, 2016, DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/jia.v4i2.3559

B. Ghasemzadeh, A. Fathebaghalli, and A. Tarvirdinassab, "Symbols And Signs In Islamic Architecture," Revista Europeia de Estudos Artisticos, vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 62-78, 2013, DOI https://doi.org/10.37334/eras.v4i3.86

J. Shafiq, "Architectural Elements in Islamic Ornamentation: New Vision in Contemporary Islamic Art," Arts and Design Studies, vol. 21, pp. 11-21, 2014.

AFAMA, “AFAMA Third Cycle Short Listed Mosques,” Abdullatif Al Fozan Award, Jan. 28, 2019. https://alfozanaward.org/afama-third-cycle-short-listed-mosques/ (accessed Nov. 10, 2020).

D. Behrens-Abouseif, Islamic Architecture in Cairo an Introduction. Leiden, New York, København: Köln E.J. BRILL, 1989.

N. Fletcher-Jones, “The Lost City of Ibn Tulun,” Egypt Today, Feb. 02, 2016. https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/3023/The-Lost-City-of-Ibn-Tulun (accessed Nov. 10, 2021).

UNESCO, Islamic Republic of Iran Iranian Cultural Heritage, Handierafls & Tourism Organization ICHHTO ,Masjed-e Jame' of Isfahan For Inscription on the World Heritage List, Tehran: UNESCO World Heritage Convention, 2011.

A. A. R. Ahmed, Islamic architecture in Egypt from the Arab conquest until the end of the Mamluk era (21-923) (641-1517) AD. Cairo, 2009.

T. Çarşısı, “If You Don’t Visit the Süleymaniye Mosque, You’ll Regret It Later,” The Instabul Insider. https://theistanbulinsider.com/if-you-dont-visit-the-suleymaniye-mosque-you-will-regret-it-later/ (accessed Nov. 10, 2020).

"Jama Masjid (Delhi), Delhi." https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/india/must-see-amazing-picture-of-empty-jama-masjid-on-ramzans-1st-day-first-since-1857 (accessed Nov. 10, 2020)

“Huajuexiang Mosque,” Archnet. https://www.archnet.org/sites/3973 (accessed Nov. 10, 2020).

"Basuna Mosque." Mosqpedia. https://mosqpedia.org/en/mosque/189 (accessed Nov. 10, 2020)

A. H. Murtan and S. Sardi, "GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE STRUCTURE OF THE MOSQUE OF AL-IRSYAD SATYA INDONESIA," presented at the 2nd INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MOSQUE ARCHITECTURE (ICMA 2019), Kuala Lumpur, 2019.

"AL-Irsyad Mosque, Central Java, Indonesia 1," Mosqpedia. https://mosqpedia.org/en/mosque/74 (accessed Nov. 10, 2020)

"Arcapita Mosque," Alfozanaward. https://alfozanaward.org/mosques/arcapita/ (accessed Nov. 10, 2020)

"Arcapita Mosque (East Park Mosque)." Mosquetabi. https://mosquetabi.blogspot.com/2019/04/arcapita-mosque-east-park-mosque.html (accessed Nov. 10, 2020)

B. Gür, "Sancaklar Mosque: Displacing the Familiar," International Journal of Islamic Architecture, vol. 6, pp. 165-193, 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1386/ijia.6.1.165_1

"Sancaklar Mosque, Istanbul, Turkey." Mosqpedia, https://mosqpedia.org/en/mosque/60 (accessed Nov. 10, 2020)

"Imam Reza Complex Mosque," Mosqpedia. https://mosqpedia.org/en/mosque/77 (accessed Nov. 10, 2020)




DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/jia.v6i4.11718

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.