THE EFFECT OF PROFIT SHARING FINANCING AND QARDH FINANCING ON NET PROFIT SHARIA BANK IN INDONESIA

This study aims to examine the effect of Profit Sharing Financing and Qardh Financing on Net Profit Sharia Commercial Bank. The method used is descriptive statistics with quantitative approach that is through the classical assumption test to analyze the data and multiple linear regression analysis to determine the level of relations or effect that given by Profit Sharing Financing and Qardh Financing on Net Profit and processed by using software SPSS 16. While data used are secondary data with quantitative data types during the period 20142019. Population of this study is Sharia Commercial Bank companies with sampling method that is purposive sampling, so that the number of observations obtained as many as 6 companies. Based on the result of the research, the test of simultaneously results with the statistical test show that the variable Profit Sharing Financing and Qardh Financing simultaneously affected. The result of coefficient determination shows that Net Profit (Y) is influenced by Profit Sharing Financing (X1), Qardh Financing (X2) as much as 64.1% and the remaining left is influenced by other variables as much as 35.9%.


INTRODUCTION
The emergence of the term Islamic Economy or Sharia Economy in Indonesia began in 1992 which was initially based on the majority of Indonesia's Muslim population. The founder of sharia banking in Indonesia was Bank Muamalat. The bank was founded by the Indonesian Ulema Council, the Indonesian Muslim Intellectuals Association (ICMI), as well as Muslim entrepreneurs and not forgetting the government. Entering in 1990, MUI formed a working group to establish an Islamic Bank in Indonesia, this was the forerunner to the birth of Islamic banking in Indonesia, which was later named the Indonesian Mualat Bank (Bank Muamalat Indonesia). When the economic crisis in 1998, the bankers were very confused why Bank Muamalat Indonesia could survive the crisis that made many conventional banks lethargic (Al-Qurtuby, 2020).
The purpose of this study is to provide input to Islamic Commercial Banks in managing, acting and making decisions wisely in providing and cooperating with customers both in profit sharing financing and Qardh financing which can affect the net profit of Islamic Commercial Banks and create a prosperous life Public.
Based on the data the author obtained, the net profit of Islamic Commercial Banks in 2014 -2019, moving in a fluctuating manner, tends to increase. It is shown by Table 1   Based on previous research, there are some differences in the results of studies, according to Kholidah (2018) Profit sharing Financing and Qardh Financing have no significant effect to Net Profit. According to Ariyani (2014) Profit Sharing Financing (Mudharabah-Musyarakah) significantly affected to Net Profit while Qardh Financing have no significant effect on Net Profit and According Profit Sharing Financing has a significant positive effect on net profit (Puspasari & Mawardi, 2014).
Based on the explanation that has been described, the researcher believes that the research to be carried out has a good impact on net profit and public trust in Islamic Commercial Banks.

LITERATURE REVIEW
Islamic banking or Islamic banking is a financial system that bridges between those who need funds and those who have excess funds through financial products and services that are in accordance with Sharia principles. All transactions that occur in Sharia financial activities must be carried out based on Sharia principles. Sharia Principles are principles that are based on the teachings of the Qur'an and Assunnah (Iskandar, 2017).
Understanding Profit One of the goals of a profit-oriented organization is to make a profit. Profit is even one that is a measure of performance for a particular part of an organization. Profit is a component in financial statements which is highly highlighted by the users of financial statements (Festiani, 2016).
Profit Sharing Financing for Sharia banks (Nurmawati et al., 2020). Profit-based and principled financing can increase community economic empowerment and can improve people's welfare (Wu et al., 2020). If the welfare of the community increases, it will increase public funds raised by Islamic banks and can increase funding disbursed by Islamic banks . Channeling of funds carried out by Islamic banks can produce benefits for customers and Islamic banks, in the form of agreed profit sharing. This shows that the greater the funds channeled by Islamic banks to the community, it can increase the revenue and net profit of Islamic banks.
In connection with Bank Indonesia Regulation Number 10/17/PBI/ 2008 concerning Sharia Bank Products and Sharia Business Units concerning Qardh. Qardh is a contract for the distribution of funds by a Sharia Bank or Sharia Business Unit to a customer as a debt receivable provided that the customer is required to return the funds to the Sharia Bank or Sharia Business Unit at the agreed time.
The results of this study have the same results as the existing research conducted by Kholidah (2018) that Profit Sharing Financing does not affect the acquisition of Net Profit. This means that the size of the Profit Sharing Financing will not change the net profit. While According to Puspasari and Mawardi (2014) Profit Sharing Financing has a significant positive effect on net Profit.
While the research in this study have contradicted with the results research by Kholidah (2018) that Qardh Financing does not affect on Net Profit. But according The results of this study are in line with the results of research conducted by Priatna and Rosalina (2019) which state that if Qardh Financing increases it will affect to Net Profit. That It can be explained that when Qardh Financing increases, the net profit will increase, and vice versa.

METHOD
In this study, researchers used a descriptive verification method with a quantitative approach. In this study, researchers used purposive sampling method for sampling. Whereas in the data analysis process in this study used data analysis with SPSS software consisting of classical assumption tests (normality test, autocorrelation test, heteroscedasticity test and multicollinearity test), multiple linear regression analysis, hypothesis testing (statistical t test and f test statistics) and the coefficient of determination (R2). Table 2 show the research variable, as follows.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
This chapter describes the results of data processing. The next is to interpret each stage. Linear regression analysis is a part of parametric analysis. Parametric analysis requires a classic assumption test. In this study, the classical assumption test includes assumptions for normality, homogeneity, autocorrelation, multicollinearity, and linearity.

Classic Assumption Test
The classical assumption test is a statistical requirement that must meet in multiple linear regression analysis based on the ordinary least square (OLS). So, a regression analysis is not based on OLS does not require classical assumptions, such as logistic regression or ordinal regression. Likewise, not all classical assumption tests must be carried out in linear regression analysis. For example, multicollinearity tests are not carried out on simple linear regression analysis. Autocorrelation tests do not need to be applied to cross-sectional data (Supian & Bon, 2019).
Normality Test with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test shows that the value obtained by Asymp. Sig is 0.125 which means that the data has an Asymp value. Sig is greater than the Sig level (0.125> 0.05). It concludes that the data used or processed is normally distributed. The homogeneity test used the Glejser test. The results of the Glejser test showed that the regression analysis was homogeneous. It indicates that there is no difference in variance between observations. Autocorrelation test with Durbin-Watson. It can be seen that the Durbin-Watson value is 1.569, thus the Durbin-Watson value is in the intervals of -2 and +2 (-2 <1.569 <2) so that it can be concluded that there is no autocorrelation in the regression model. Multicollinearity Test use the VIF value of each independent variable, namely Profit Sharing Financing and Qardh Financing, is 1,656 so that it can be seen that for all independent variables the VIF value is below 10. For the Tolerance value obtained by each independent variable, namely Profit Sharing Financing and Qardh Financing is 0.604 so it can be seen that for all independent variables, the Tolerance value is above 0.1. From the VIF and Tolerance values obtained, it can be concluded that no there is multicollinearity between independent variables in the regression model.

Multiple Linear Regresion
Regression analysis deals with the dependence of one variable on another. Kendal and Stuart said that 'A statistical relationship, although

Partial Test (t-Test)
The partial test is statistical analysis in multiple regression, which is used to determine the effect of independent variables individually (partially) on the dependent variable (Y) (Indriastuti & Ifada, 2019). To examine whether X effect on Y is significant or not, it requires a t-statistics value or a sig value. Table 3 shows the result of partial test.
To find the ttable value using the following formula Ttable = t ( /2; n-k-1). From the formula above, it can be concluded that t table = t (0.025; 33) = 2,03224. After getting the t table value, conclusions can be made to accept or reject the hypothesis. Based on the test results, the tcount value is -0,835. When compared with the value of t table which is 2,03224. So that the value of tcount -0,835 less than t-table value of 2,03224. And a significance value of 0.410 is greater than 0,05. Thus, H1 was rejected. Which means that there is no influence between the financing for results on net income.
The effect of Qardh financing on net income show that the significant effect. Based on the test results, the tcount value is obtained. When compared with the t-table value of 6,451. So that the tcount value of 6,451> the t-table value 2,03224. And the significance value of 0,000 is smaller than 0,05. Thus it can be concluded that H2 is accepted, which means that there is a positive influence between Qardh financing on net income. Table 4 shows the result of F-test. Based on Table 4 , the F test shows a significance value of 0,000 with an α value of 0,05. So it can be concluded that the significance value smaller than the α value (0,000 <0,05), thus H0 is rejected and Ha accepted. From table 7 above, first the values of Ftable must be determined. The value of the F-table can be determined using the following formula Ftable = F (k ; n-k). Ftable in this study is F table = F (2;36) = 3,28. Furthermore, the value of Fcount with the value of Ftable. So that the value is 29,414> 3,28. That is, the value of Fcount is greater than the value of Ftable. The significance value of 0,000 is less than 0,05. Thus, it can be concluded that there is an effect of sharing financing and qardh financing simultaneously (Yusuf et al., 2019). Table 5 shows the result of coefficients determination. Based on the results of the calculation of the table above, it can be seen that the value obtained for R Square is 0.641 or 64.1%. This shows that the variables studied, namely Profit Sharing Financing, and Qardh Financing, have an effect of only 64.1% on the Net Profit. While the remaining 35.9% is influenced by variables not examined in this study.

Discussion
The results of this study have the same results as the existing research conducted by Kholidah (2018) that Profit Sharing Financing does not affect the acquisition of Net Profit. This means that the size of the Profit Sharing Financing will not change the net profit. While According to Puspasari & Mawardi (2014) Profit Sharing Financing has a significant positive effect on net Profit.
It does not affect Profit Sharing Financing according to Hidayat from Faculty of Economics University of Indonesia reported that The problem of low profit sharing financing in Indonesia can come from various sources, namely internal Islamic banks, stakeholders, regulations, and other external factors (Wibowo & Syaichu, 2013). But in this article, focus more on the internal side of Islamic banks. The Center for Central Banking Education and Studies (PPSK) of Bank Indonesia in 2004, once conducted a study that there are five internal problems of Islamic banks that arise around the low profit sharing financing in Islamic banking, namely: First, the understanding of Islamic bankers of the essence of Islamic banking is lacking. Second, Islamic banks prioritize business and profit orientation too much. Third, the quality and quantity of human resources is inadequate and does not master the ins and outs of distribution of profit-sharing financing. Fourth, Aversion to effort, that is, Islamic banks still do not want to be bothered or do extra things in assisting entrepreneurs. Fifth, aversion to risk, namely Islamic banks are still avoiding risk.
While the research in this study have contradicted with the results research by Kholidah (2018) that Qardh Financing does not affect on Net Profit. But according The results of this study are in line with the results of research conducted by (Priatna & Rosalina, 2019) which state that if Qardh Financing increases it will affect to Net Profit. That It can be explained that when Qardh Financing increases, the net profit will increase, and vice versa.
According to Yunus said that the development of sharia banking products to help people perform the pilgrimage is Qardh ONH or more popularly known as hajj bailout funds. Qardh's definition in the MUI DSN Fatwa No. 19 of 2001 is a loan agreement to the customer provided that the customer is required to return the funds received to the Sharia Financial Institution at the time agreed by the Sharia Financial Institution and the customer.

CONCLUSION
Based on the identification and formulation of the problems that have been discussed previously, the results of the research and discussion can be concluded. Statistically, Profit Sharing Financing (PSF) has no significant effect on the Net Profit of Islamic Commercial Banks for the 2014-2019 period as measured by the total Mudharabah and Musyarakah financing. So that fluctuations and whatever the value of Profit Sharing Financing (PSF) does not have a significant effect on fluctuations in Net Profit. Qardh Financing(QF) has a statistically significant positive effect on the Net Profit of Islamic Commercial Banks for the 2014-2019 period as measured by the total Qardh financing. This shows that the fulfillment and increase of Qardh Financing will optimize the company's profitability or in other words increase the Net Profit value, this indicates that the image of Islamic Commercial Banks in the eyes of the public is getting better every year. Simultaneously there is a significant influence between the PSF and QF on the Net Profit of Islamic Commercial Banks for the 2014-2019 period of 64.1%.