THE SYNTACTIC STRUCTURE OF AWGNI NOUN PHRASES

The objective of this study is to examine the syntactic structure of Awgni Noun Phrases. The assumption of Labeling Algorithm {XP, H} is holding on, and a descriptive research design was employed to explore the intended objective. Data for this research were enriched by interviewing 12 native speakers of Awgni specializing in the proposed language. Through expert samplings, 20 Noun Phrases were selected and illustrated. Results showed that the Noun Phrases in Awgni could be formed out of the head Nouns all along through other lexical categories reminiscent of the Noun Phrases, Adjective Phrases, Verb Phrases, Determiner Phrases, and Adverb Phrases. These grammatical items were serving as dependents to the head Nouns. The head Nouns in Awgni are for all time right-headed. These heads are the only obligatory constituents, while the Phrasal categories are optional elements which could be either modifiers or complements to the head Nouns. In this regard, Labeling Algorithm explicitly chooses the contiguous Noun heads that are the label of the complete Syntactic Objects (SOs) anticipated for all Noun Phrase structures.


INTRODUCTION
Awgni is one of the different Agaw languages, Ethno-Cushitic, spoken typically in Amhara Regional State, currently known as Awi Administrative Zone and around the Binshangul Gumuz region of Ethiopia (Berhanu, 2020;Desalegn, 2016;Esubalew, 2015). It is spoken by people of whom the greater parts are Orthodox Christians, not many Muslims, and very few Protestants. Most of the Awi people are farmers in the rural area by cultivating different crop types and whereas the majority of persons who subsist in the urban vicinity are merchants.
Various researchers (Berhanu, 2020;Haileluel, 1991;Hetzron, 1966Hetzron, , 1969Palmer, 1959;Tadesse, 1984;Tadesse, 1988;Teferi, 2000;Yaregal, 2007) inspect diverse issues associated with Awi and Awgni language. Predominantly, Tadesse's (1984) "The Noun Phrase in Awgni" presented well description regarding noun morphology (gender, number, and case inflections). He also discussed various inflectional elements within a Noun Phrase. Not any of these studies look into how Labeling Algorithm (XP, H) is relevant to look at the syntactic structure of Awgni Noun Phrases. Thus, this study is concerned with various structural features of Syntactic Object representations established in the structure of Awgni Noun Phrases and aimed to design possible suggestions of this formation in favor of obtainable Problems of Projection (Chomsky, 2013(Chomsky, , 2014(Chomsky, , 2015. The proposed study aims to narrow the gap by examining how Labeling Algorithm (XP, H) applies to look at the syntactic structure of Awgni Noun Phrases. As a result, as applied theoretical linguistic research, this study is premeditated to explore how Labeling Algorithm is implemented to examine the syntactic structure of Awgni Noun Phrases. Therefore, it is promising to set this research finding into practice for authentic systematic language teaching program at college label.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE
The fundamental components of syntax are words (Carnie, 2013). Words can be categorized into diverse lexical groupings depending on sense, outward morphological appearance, and syntactic connotation. It has been widely discussed in the literature (Arbib, 2012;Knott, 2012;Moro, 2014;Pulvermüller, 2014;Stout, 2010) because natural language syntax and action grammar are corresponding in that both occupy hierarchical arrangements of various kind. Consequently, Wiltschko (2014) affirmed that phrases have a hierarchical representation in which words are coming together, fruitfully into more extensive structural constituents.
Noun Phrase is a group of words that work together to name and describe a person, place, thing, or idea. It joins words into a larger component that can have the meaning as a sentence constituent (Marques, 2011). Noun Phrase can be judged as a syntactic component that encloses more than a single word and lacks the subject-predicate connection. It holds some word arrangement elements that shape the headword in different methods.
Phrasal groupings that can be conjoined with Noun Phrase are Verb Phrase, Noun Phrase, Adjective Phrase, and Determiner Phrase (Chung, 2012;Marcotte, 2014). According to Carnie (2010) and Rauh (2010), the main properties that differentiate all particular assortment of phrases and create the function it participates in are determined by the head utterance's properties comprises.
Phrase structure is the fundamental component of the syntactic examination, which is effortless to observe phrases and subparts of speech beneath phrase structure in a tree (Pullum, 2011). It seems that the syntactic tree allows noticing at a glance the hierarchical structure of the phrase. Structural reliance deals with the hierarchical structure, generally discovered in a syntactic investigation using tree diagrams (Sag, 2010a(Sag, , 2010b. According to Chomsky (2013), a computational scheme ought to be containing a Labeling Algorithm that searches SO to find out what type of an entity it is. Optimally, all of the information appropriate to additional computation should be enclosed in a chosen minor constituent; a head pinched at the beginning of the lexicon (Manabu, 2017). The fundamental properties of natural language are that it permits a syntactic object (SO) to bring together with another SO, forming a larger one, which can serve as the input for the assembling development again (Chomsky, Angel & Dennis, 2017). The operation Merge in minimalism has been in use, whether absolutely or openly, to include two self-governing tasks: one is to merge two syntactic objects (SOs) and the other to choose which one of the two combined SOs to scheme or to develop into the label of the resultant structure (Thornton, 2016). Chomsky (2013Chomsky ( , 2014aChomsky ( , 2014bChomsky ( , 2015Chomsky ( , 2015a recommends that Merge (X, Y) = {X, Y}. Suppose neither X nor Y is a division of the other, as in merging read and the book to structure the syntactic object {X, Y} matching to read the book. Presume that one is a division of further; articulate Y is a division of X. As a result, the consequence of merge is once more {X, Y}. Therefore, two items joined by the operation merge in the syntactic structure keen on an introverted set. Given that merging is merely free, it depicts every two items X and Y and generates an unordered two-member set (Chomsky, 2014(Chomsky, , 2015Murphy, 2015).
Each syntactic object realization in the interfaces ought to be labeled accordingly. In the course of labeling, every relevant constituent can receive a label from the syntactic Labeling Algorithm (Chomsky, 2013(Chomsky, , 2015(Chomsky, , 2016Ott, 2015;Rizzi, 2015;Smith, 2015;BoökoviÊ, 2018aBoökoviÊ, , 2018b. Chomsky (2013Chomsky ( , 2015 introduced a selfdetermining label-identifying operation, Labeling Algorithm (LA), which accredits Syntactic Objects. He argues that the operation labeling can be delayed. In his application, labels are determined by a Labeling Algorithm, which operates at the phase and other operations. It means that first, the phase structure is built, and then at the phase level, the whole phase is labeled (Mizuguchi, 2017;Narita, 2011;Saito, 2016;Takita, Nobu & Yoshiyuki, 2016).
Syntactic Objects can be analyzed at the interfaces, working at the phase step and other operations (Edith, 2019;Shim, 2018;Stockwell, 2016). The pertinent information concerning SO will be supplied by a particular chosen element: a computational particle, to preliminary estimate Lexical Item (LI), a head. This LI must offer the label established by Labeling Algorithm when it is relevant (Chomsky, 2013s, 2013a(Chomsky, 2013s, , 2013b(Chomsky, 2013s, , 2014(Chomsky, 2013s, , 2015Rizzi, 2016). Chomsky (Chomsky, 2013:43) draw round how negligible investigation functions to discover the label of {H, XP} case as "Suppose SO = {H, XP}, H a head and XP not a head. Then minimal investigation will choose H as the label, and the usual procedures of understanding at the interfaces can proceed." In {H, XP}, minimal search instantly locates a Lexical Item H (a bundle of features, offered through the word list) and two constituent XP sets. It is being a lexical item, creates obtainable substances to the interface systems. As a result, H is recognized as the label of {H, XP}. For that reason, categorization is carried out via negligible search consequently, when an agreed syntactic object SO consists of {X, YP}, after that the head X is singled out for the label of SO, as in {X, XP} = X (Adger, 2016;Narita, 2015;Rizzi, 2015a;Shlonsky and Rizzi, 2015).
At this point, we projected that Awgni is the head-final that follows Y= (XP, H). Thus, it is clear-cut as a search into Y yields a unique head H. Then, it can be understood that H provides the label of Y in the Noun Phrase structure. At this point, the closest head is straightforward in SO= {XP, H} since the structure contains a single head H that is least embedded. Therefore, LA can unambiguously identify it as the structure's unique label (Shim, 2018).
The head is a great applicant to offer a label, as it is a lexical item (LI) that emerges from the lexicon through its distinct syntactic group (Chomsky, 2013(Chomsky, , 2014a(Chomsky, , 2014b(Chomsky, , 2015aRizzi, 2016). Given that the head H being a lexical item (LI), it can directly provide a label for the entire structure; an object where a head is merged with a phrasal complement {XP, H} constitutes the best-case scenario for labeling. Thus, the operation Labeling Algorithm searches for the contiguous head (X) inside the agreed SO. Accordingly, X is the head, and YP is considered a phrase as in: YP in the proposed model can be every phrasal group. Alternatively, the head provides the name to the component it produced Noun to Noun Phrase. Labeling Algorithm {XP, H} places the head H, and it will choose H as the label of the specified configuration (Elly, 2015;Epstein, Kitahara and Seely, 2014;Ott, 2015;Rizzi & Cinque, 2015;Sobin, 2016).
The preceding representation showed that the least embedded head is the Noun N. In this regard, all syntactic features represented in the above model are Lexical Items' properties (Collins & Stabler, 2016) that are visible to the syntax and can, as a result, enter into syntactic relations.
We focus on the tree structures of Noun phrase are built up from bottom to top fashion.

METHOD
The research design used in this study was the descriptive applied theoretical linguistic type that is intending to resolve Labeling Algorithm problems in Awgni Noun phrase structures. It is planned to improve the quality of teaching within Awgni syntax in general, the syntactic structure of Awgni Noun Phrases in an advanced manner.
Through purposive sampling, twelve (seven males, five females) Awgni language experts were interviewed to supplement the intended data. Additionally, expert sampling was used to capture the planned knowledge well-established in a particular shape of knowledge in the syntactic structure of Awgni Noun Phrases. Thus, 20 Noun phrases were chosen for the intended analysis. The method of Noun Phrase examination employed in this study was operation Labeling Algorithm. We suppose {XP, H} the set of Syntactic Object representation intended for Labeling Algorithm (LA) to be implemented on Noun Phrase structure. It was commenced on merge of a phase head, looks for each constituent in its area for a label. In the simplest casing, the lexical item that head H in {XP, H} representation will label a component. The study employs a syntactic tree to help out the reader.

RESULT
Noun Phrase is a phrasal constituent in set {XP, H} whose head {H} is a noun. Typically, it has the Noun (N), seeing that its innermost constituent. Noun phrase heads are words that function as the heads of Noun Phrases. A Noun Phrases consists of a noun or pronoun plus any determiners, modifiers, and complements. Only two grammatical forms can perform the function of Noun Phrases head in the English language. In the course of theoretical linguistics, the head or the nucleus of a Noun Phrase is the noun that determines the syntactic category of that phrase as in (1): In (1) Labeling Algorithm (LA), initiated on merge of a phase head sїrasri, that nk search is the constituent їnni walta safelka in its domain for the label. Їnni is a demonstrative word used to determine what the noun sїrasri is referring to (Christophe & Christelle, 2017). For example, їnni walta safelka, in the example above, refers to sїrasri that was just talked about in the discourse. Sїrasri (N) is the head of the overall Noun Phrase (NP) structure with the immediate constituent їnni walta safelka. This Adjective Phrase serves as a compliment. A demonstrative determiner їnni (these) sits together with the Noun head sїrasri. In Awgni, a demonstrative determiner is a pronoun that points to a particular noun or the noun it replaces. For instance, їnni is demonstrative that indicates the nearness of the head Noun sїrasri. Likewise, the mathematical object walta (six) is used to count sїrasri.
What tree notation in (2) tells us is that the overall expression dїmmie coato seyixu aqi is a Noun Phrase NP; its head is the Noun aqi. The complement of aqi is the overall Verb Phrase dїmmie coato seyixu. On the other hand, dїmmie coato seyixu aqi is a projection of the Noun aqi.
Syntactic structures of Noun Phrases are hierarchically structured into a successively larger set of dependent clause constituents belonging to a given category. In this regard, the following data was revealing that dependent clause modifying the head Noun kïntanti as in: In the Noun Phrase structure (3) mentioned above, the overall expression naka ŝelemїstїxu jegni yitopiyaw wotadri is the Noun Phrase. Here minimal search immediately finds a lexical item wotadri as the head of the entire Phrase structure (a bundle of features provided by the lexicon). It is being a lexical item, makes available what matters to the interface systems. Thus, wotadri is identified as the label of {naka ŝelemїstїxu jegni yitopiyaw, wotadri}. Therefore, labeling is conducted via minimal search, so that when a given Syntactic Object consists of {XP, H}, then the head wotadri is picked out for the label of SO, as in ({naka šelemïstïxu jegni yitopiyaw, wotadri}) = wotadri. The intended Noun Phrase structure encloses four constituents: the dependent clause Naka šelemïstïxu, an Adjective Phrase jegni, Determiner Phrase yitopiyaw, and the noun Phrase wotadri.
Like yitopiyaw, all proper adjective in Awgni describes the head Noun. Yitopiyaw is the proper adjective that is formed from the proper noun yitopiya (Ethiopia). To further illustrate, consider that yitopiya is a proper noun because it is the name of a specific country. Nouns from Ethiopia are referred to as yitopiyaw, so the word yitopiyaw is a proper adjective.
The tree notation used in (4) posits that kїbis is a head and Yičo jewutux is the Verb phrase; thus, minimal search assigns the structure of the category kїbis. Furthermore, the Verb Phrase Yičo jewutux is merging with the Determiner Phrase lїgdi amluw, then Labeling Algorithm searches and chooses kїbis as the label of the set { Yičo jewutux lїgdi amluw, kїbis }.
What Phrase structure in (5) portrays us is that the overall expression ŝewentanti ղargiw mїši is a Noun phrase (NP); its head is the Noun mїši. This head is being a lexical item that makes available, which matters to the interface system. Thus, mїši is identified as the label of {ŝewentanti ղargiw, mїši}. The Determiner Phrase ŝewentanti ղargiw describes the Noun head mїši. An Adjective Phrase ŝewentanti also modifies the head Noun mїši. Therefore, ŝewentanti ղargiw is the complement of the head Noun mїši.
As shown in (6), the most prominent lexical element within the label for each Syntactic Object is the head Noun kїbis. Hence, lїgdi dїmmi kїbis is the Noun Phrase. It is conjoining from Adjective Phrase lїgdi, and another Adjective Phrase dїmmi and the Noun Phrase kїbis.
As the analysis in (7) accounts that, їnni balegka is the complement of the head aq. Thus, Labeling Algorithm employing minimal search chooses aq as the label of the set {їnni balegka, aq}. Їnni is a demonstrative, which indicates a specific Noun in a sentence. It refers to the noun that is near in space and time. When the noun is omitted after їnni, it becomes a pronoun.
The structure as mentioned earlier (8) depicts that there are four phases: the Adjective aylo, the Determiner lїqqa, the Adjective Phrase Aylo lїqqa dїngulka, and the Noun Phrase Aylo lїqqa dїngulka nїseska. The Determiner Phrase aylo lїqqa conjoins with Adjective Phrase aylo lїqqa dїngulka immediately followed by the Noun Phrase Aylo lїqqa dїngulka nїseska. The head of the overall phrase structure is the Noun nїseska.
The analysis in (9) claims that dїnguli ŝarki gїbači is the Noun Phrase. The Labeling Algorithm, initiated on merge of the intended phase head gїbači, searches each constituent dїnguli ŝarki in its domain for a label. In the simplest case, the lexical item that head {dїnguli ŝarki, gїbači} was label constituent. Adjective phrase dїnguli ŝarki is the complement of the Noun gїbači.
In the structure such as (10), there exists {an malղe buzi, aqi} construction, the Phrase, and the Head. The head aqi gives the name to the constituent it generates as Noun to Noun Phrases NP. An malղe buzi is the complement of the head Noun aqi.
In (11), there are two adjectives (dїki and ligisimi) that modify the head Noun aqi. The adjective denoting the projected value precedes that signaling dimension. Speaker seems to explain that an individual's character was more important than his looks, and that elucidates why the value adjective occurs closest to the head Noun. In this regard, operation labeling says that every merge constitutes a phase, as one expects labeling operates after each merge. Labeling Algorithm chooses aqi as the label, and the standard measures of clarification at the interfaces can carry on. As a result, aqi is the Noun head that is conjoined with Adjective Phrase їn dїki ligisimi.
Multiple adjectives that can occur as modifiers in Noun Phrase structure could come from the same semantic class. When that occurs, the order remains the speaker's privilege; in general, depending on the effortlessness of producing them and which of the adjectives the speaker wants to emphasize.
In many cases, the adjective when the speaker wants to underline is placed closest to the head as in: What (12) tells us is that the overall expression {laղa lїgїdka ŝїlka workku, tivanka} has the phrase and the head. The head tivanka gives the name to the constituent. The aboveprojected tree provides a visual representation of the constituent structure of Noun Phrase laղa lїgїdka ŝїlka workku tivanka. Thus, tivanka is the head of the Noun Phrase; laղa lїgїdka ŝїlka is an Adjective Phrase that functions as the complement of the headword. The cardinal laղa indicates the precise number of the referent.
In (13), the head sat is conjoining with the complement yizїkuwi kїbeb fučči. In this regard, constituents conjoined with head sat are Noun Phrase yizїkuwi kїbeb, and Adjective Phrase yizїkuwi kїbeb fučči.
Awgni expresses ordinal numerals with a periphrastic construction. A relative clause expresses ordinal numbers. It is, therefore, the relative clause that modifies the noun in the capacity of an ordinal. The relative clause is marked by the relative indicator anti and has the relevant cardinal number as in: An analysis such as (14) accounts us is that sїr is being a phrasal head; Labeling Algorithm (XP, H) takes sїr as the label. Thus, Determiner laղ-anti and Adjective Phrase šegi are modifying the prearranged Noun Phrase sїr.
Quantifier in Awgi is a kind of determiner under Noun Phrase structure, which denotes inaccurate quantity. It is a word that frequently goes earlier than a Noun to articulate the amount of the object; for example, lїqa xoši /a little milk. A Noun follows most quantifiers. It is also possible to use them without the noun when it is clear what the first person subject is referring to as in: According to (15), menč їlluwawu xoši is the Noun Phrase. The head of the overall Phrase structure is xoši. Another modifier is existing, namely the immediate Determiner Phrase menčo їlluwawusa that serve as a complement for Noun head xoši.
Quantifiers in Awgni can modify plural nouns; they include lїqa/few, menčka/many, and wulla/ all. The syntactic property of the quantifier is illustrated in (16). In the succeeding example, the quantifier indicates the noun's quantities it modifies, although no precise amount is given. However, it is not an obligatory element in the syntactic structure of Awgni Noun Phrase.
The analysis in (16) claims that the Labeling Algorithm picks the Noun kїntantka as the label, and the common actions of analyzing at the interfaces can proceed. Hence, kїntantka is the head of the overall phrase structure, and its complement is the Noun Phrase menčka dedeղka.
Furthermore, the syntax of the proximal singular demonstrative determiner is conjoined within Noun Phrase as in (17): The notation in (17) informs that їn ŝїlli kїbis is the Noun Phrase. The head of the overall Noun Phrase is kїbis. The head of the Noun Phrase projects the resulting object. Since їn and ŝїlli are Lexical Items (LI), and subsequently, both їn (DP) and ŝїlli (AP) can be the label of the resulting structure. Combinations of these lexical elements consist of a functional element, and it determines the category of the combination.
It ought to be noted that the use of the plural demonstrative requires number agreement with the Noun head, the adjective, and the numeral as in: The Noun Phrase structures demonstrated under the analysis in (18)  The output representation in (20), waŝini skawi bїrčїqu is the Noun Phrase. The Noun bїrčїqu is the head of the phrase structure which conjoins with Adjective phrase waŝini skawi. Bїrčїqu is the head of the overall Phrase structure. Labeling Algorithm decides bїrčїqu as the label, and then the typical procedures of rationalization at the interfaces can carry on.

DISCUSSION
Comparable to Wiltschko's (2014) research finding, Awgni Noun Phrases have a hierarchical drawing in which words are clustered jointly into productively larger structural components. Corresponding to Chung (2012), Kayne (2010), and Marcotte (2014) studies, phrasal categories conjoined within Awgni Noun phrase include Noun Phrase (NP), Verb Phrase (VP), Adjective Phrase (AP), Adverb Phrase (ADVP) and Determiner Phrase. The same as Chomsky (2015) and Murphy (2015), two items in Awgni Noun Phrases were joined by the operation merge into a solitary set. In this regard, similar to Chomsky's (2013Chomsky's ( , 2015 Labeling Algorithm analysis, each Syntactic Object in the current study have to be labeled and introduces a selfdetermining label recognizing the operation Labeling Algorithm. Close to Chomsky (2013), the simplest supposition in the present research is that; Labeling Algorithm is just a minimal search, most probably appropriating a third-factor rule, as in Agree and other operations. In the preeminent case, the relevant information concerning Syntactic Object (SO) was accessible through a solitary selected element within it: a computational atom, to first estimated a Lexical Item (LI), a head. This LI is invented to present the label established by Labeling Algorithm when the Algorithm can apply. Chomsky (2013Chomsky ( , 2014Chomsky ( , 2015 presumes SO = {H, XP}, H is a head and XP is not a head. The negligible search will then choose H as the label, and the customary events of understanding at the interfaces can carry on. On the other hand, Awgni is head ending that pursues the structure SO= {XP, H}, where H is a head and XP is any phrase, negligible look for will allocate the structure of the group H. The operation LA searches for the adjoining head (X) within the agreed SO, where closest means least rooted in the given structure.

CONCLUSION
The study verified that a head combined employing phrase {XP, H}; LA overtly decides the neighboring head, {H} as a complete Syntactic Object label. Thus, in assessment, H belongs to the Noun head. Subsequently, Labeling Algorithm chooses H as the label, and the standard events of understanding at the interface can carry on. Thus, the head Noun in Awgni provides the name to the component it produces.
On the other hand, XP can be any Syntactic Object such as Noun Phrase, Adjective Phrase, Adverb Phrases, Verb Phrase, and Determiner Phrase. The Noun Phrases in Awgni can be constructed out of head Nouns collectively with Phrasal categories. In this regard, all lexical grouping modifying the head Nouns restrictively, and they are appointed to confine the modified Nouns' potential reference in the same way.
The study suggested that highly developed study on how Labeling Algorithm {X, Y} provides to label Syntactic Object representations contained by Phrase structures in Awgni.