Flood Disaster, Local Belief and Islam-Sufism

Harifuddin Harifuddin, Rasyidah Zainuddin

Abstract


Flood disaster as a natural phenomenon has a lot of meaning for the rural community. They believe that flood is the power of deity, as a sign that a quarrel is happening ‘under water’, and a sign of God’s kindness because flood has negative and positive aspects. These show that people’s thoughts are shaped by several factors, such as local and religious beliefs (Sufism). This paper outlines how Segeri society describes the meaning of flood disaster constructed by local beliefs and Islamic sufism. Historically, the spread of Islam in South Sulawesi – that is generally characterized as ‘Sufi’ – is the factor influencing the religious belief of local society. The aforementioned belief is the sufism characteristic which is about the absolute resignation toward God’s will and fate. This study uses phenomenological approach to interpret the understanding of flood and the local belief obtained through in-depth interview to Bissu and farmers. The interview data is also linked to the observation of the natural environment. The research shows that Segeri society believes that flood is God’s will and reprisal. By being given an ordeal, someone’s sins will be decreased. Flood – they believe – will give positive impacts and also bring God’s blessing in their lives. This belief causes the so-called ‘resignation’ everytime flood destroys their area.


Bagi masyarakat pedesaan, bencana banjir adalah fenomena alam yang memiliki banyak makna. Beberapa di antaranya yaitu banjir sebagai perwujudan kekuasaan dewa, sebagai pertanda sedang terjadi pertikaian di alam bawah air, dan merupakan tanda kebaikan Tuhan karena banjir memiliki aspek negatif dan positif. Contoh-contoh tersebut menunjukkan pemaknaan masyarakat yang dibentuk oleh beberapa faktor, antara lain kepercayaan lokal dan keyakinan keagamaan (sufisme). Tulisan ini menguraikan pemaknaan masyarakat Segeri terhadap terjadinya bencana banjir yang dikonstruksi kepercayaan lokal dan Islam sufisme. Secara historis, penyebaran agama Islam di provinsi Sulawesi Selatan yang umumnya berciri ‘sufistik’ merupakan salah satu faktor yang membentuk keyakinan keagamaan masyarakat setempat. Keyakinan keagamaan yang dimaksud adalah adanya karakteristik sufisme yang berisi ‘kepasrahan’ mutlak atas kehendak dan takdir Tuhan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi dengan menafsirkan pemahaman masyarakat Segeri terhadap banjir, kepercayaan lokal mereka yang diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam dengan bissu dan petani. Data wawancara tersebut juga dihubungkan dengan pengamatan terhadap lingkungan alam setempat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat Segeri meyakini banjir sebagai cobaan dan kehendak dari Tuhan. Setiap cobaan yang dialami manusia berarti menggugurkan dosa-dosanya. Banjir yang datang dianggap memiliki hikmah kebaikan dan keberkahan Tuhan dalam kehidupan mereka. Keyakinan tersebut berkonsekuensi terhadap ‘kepasrahan’ masyarakat setiap banjir terjadi


Keywords


flood disaster; local belief; Islam-sufism; social construction

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/el.v19i1.3916

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