STUTTERING LANGUAGE DISORDER OF STAND-UP COMEDIAN OFF- STAGE SPEECH

This study aims to analyze the type of stuttering found in a stand-up comedian's speech when speaking offstage. It used a descriptive qualitative method. The theoretical concept used is from Carrol (1986) on the types of language disorders and it adapted the theoretical framework of Handoko (2014) and Saragih (2018) to analyze the types and the occurrence of stuttering language disorder. Based on the results of the analysis, there are two kinds of expressive language disorders found in namely fluency disorder and voice disorder. Fluency disorder occurs in the form of repetition, prolongation, interjection, and pause. The type of stuttering mostly found is repetition. There is no characteristic of circumlocution stuttering. In addition to bringing up the types of individual characteristics, the utterances also show combinations of voice disorders.

for stuttering, such as Rowan Atkinson 'Mr.Bean ', Bruce Willis, Tiger Woods, Julia Roberts, and Samuel L. Jackson (Moneysmart.id, 2017). These five celebrities were bullied because of their stuttering but they become the most expensive celebrities in the world.
They can teach us that nothing prevents us from being successful even if we stutter.
Stuttering people are people who also have the potential to become great.
This study adapts the theories used by Handoko (2014), Siagian (2014), and Saragih (2018) to analyze types and explain the occurrence of stuttering language disorders. Also, researchers use the theory of language disorder by Carrol (1986) because this theory provides explanation details about language disorder and its types. According to Carroll (in Zubair, 2013), a language disorder is divided into two types. Expressive language disorder and receptive language disorder. People with receptive language disorders usually have difficulty speaking or have problems communicating with others caused by strokes or brain injuries. This study focuses on stuttering that occurs in A stand-up comedian on YouTube channel. The researcher took A stand-up comedian's website as an object to be analyzed because of his familiar website. The YouTube channel has reached 1.7 million subscribers and 100 million views. DL (DL) is an adult man with a non-biological stutter. When he was a teenager he had joined a softball game group. But at the age of 20 Drew suffered an injury while playing softball that hit the throat causing some vocal trauma, and changed his voice to stutter until now. Obtained speech injury or has changed his life, he has difficulty interacting socially with others. He never hung out with anyone at that time. Besides, he is one of the most famous YouTubers and comics in America. DL on his YouTube channel often publishes daily vlogs which makes him talk more often. This research examines the type and stuttering produced by DL on the YouTube channel. In general, previous studies have been carried out by examining the film and on stage speech. Besides, previous research subjects were women who suffer from cerebral palsy, adult men who suffer from autism, adult men who suffer from stuttering, and children's students who suffer from stuttering. Furthermore, this research examines several videos of DL's off-stage speech published in 2018. Researchers chose DL as the subject of research because stuttering disorders are his trademark. Also, this study uses the theory of David W Carrol because this theory is still relevant and by the characteristics of the data to be examined. This study departs from the assumption that the types of stuttering language disorders in the words of DL as a comedian have a type of stuttering that is influenced by varied contexts that cause various types of disorders. Additionally, the next assumption is that stuttering language disorders can occur in DL's speech because stuttering is his trademark. Analysis with the theory of David W Carrol (1986) is assumed to reveal the stuttering that occurs in DL on YouTube channel.

METHOD
This research involves DL as a research subject. This research data was taken from YouTube. The data are in the form of utterances in the video vlogs of the Dog Vlog

FINDING AND DISCUSSION
In this section, a discussion is presented about the types of stuttering language disorders that arise in DL's speech while speaking offstage. Besides, researchers explain the data that has been found and analyzed by researchers in the previous chapter. The discussion also answered the research problem formulation contained in chapter one.
First, in the discussion mentioning the types of stuttering language disorders that occur in DL when speaking offstage. Second, explaining how the occurrence of stuttering in DL when speaking offstage. After that analyze for discovered several types of stuttering language disorders that occur in DL when speaking offstage. The results of the analysis found thirty-two data that correspond to the types of stuttering language disorders. Of the thirty-two data, there were seventeen types of repetition stuttering, nine prolongations, three interjections, one pause, and two combinations. The results of the analysis are summarized in figure 1.

Figure 1 Speech Characters On Stuttered
In general, language disorders are the inability to engage in an interactive dialogue, understand other people's speech, understand, and use words in an appropriate context, both verbal and non-verbal. According to Handoko (2014), there are three types of expressive language disorders; fluency disorders, articulation disorders, and voice disorders. Based on the findings of the above analysis of language disorders, researchers found that DL's words of speech are fluency disorder and voice disorder.
The first discussion types of expressive language disorders. Expressive language disorder occurs when a person's condition is difficult in expressing language to others. As Morales (2013) in Zubair (2013) states that the condition of someone who experiences expressive language disorder understands language for them rather than communicating.
Expressive language disorders can be associated with developmental disorders in brain damage in stutterers. The discussion here is about the types of language disorders that arise in DL's speech. Two types of language disorders occur in a speech from thirty-two data from three videos, namely fluency disorder and voice disorder.
The next discussion type of expressive language disorder is a fluency disorder. A fluency disorder is speech production that refers to continuity, fluency, speed, and effort.
Fluency disorder can be defined as a repetition of the first sound of a word (stuttering).
Based on the analysis of the data above, the most common language disorder that occurs in stuttering is a fluency disorder. Almost all of the data that contains Drew's stuttering utterances are fluency disorders. There are thirty-one related data in the data analysis above, such as the sample datum 1 (of of dog vlog) while Drew had repeated the word "of" several times quickly and tried to repeat the word he was about to say. If related to speech characters on stuttered repetition and prolongation are characteristics that often occur in the data review above. Repetition occurs more than prolongation. Interaction sometimes Repetition 53% Prolongation 28% Interjaction 10% Pause 3% Combination 6% Repetition Prolongation Interjaction Pause Combination and pause are very rare in DL's words. In his speech also raises a combination of stutter but this is also rare.
The other discussion which includes fluency disorder is Repetition. Repetition is the repetition of sounds more than twice the sounds and syllables because the stutterer loses ideas so he spoke quickly and tried to repeat the words he would say (datum 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17), and cannot control his words when emotions in intonation speak. That the voice he delivered to the interlocutor became a high note so he finds it difficult to speak (datum 5). It consists of the repetition of some words (one syllable and two syllables), repetition of all syllables, and repetition of phrases. The analysis of the data above shows DL's words often occur in the repetition of words. In particular, the repetition of a portion of the one-syllable word occurs eleven times, the repetition of a portion of a two-syllable word occurs three times, and the repetition of a phrase occurs three times. Another discussion that includes fluency disorder is a pause. Pause is a pause between words that are said to have a pause or hold a word or word that cannot be uttered at all. In this discussion, pause is very rare in DL's words. There is only one data in the pause analysis data, the data is in the datum 30 (because the the wider the wider the range for with which a#### dog is able to mitigate).
The last discussion which includes fluency disorder is a combination. In addition to the characteristics that appear individually in one utterance, Drew also raises several types of stuttering in his utterance. This is called a stuttering combination. In this discussion, a combination of stuttering characters rarely occurs in DL's remarks. There are only two data in this data analysis, the data is in datum 31 (his name who is a staf###stafa hired staff hardship Stafford) dan datum 32 (that can also probably extend to diff different breeds or lend

itself to not just a#### what what someone else's perception).
Based on the above analysis, there is one type of speech character on stuttered that does not occur in Drew's speech when speaking outside the stage, namely circumlocution.
The other discussion type of expressive language disorder is a voice disorder. Voice disorder can be characterized as a process caused by phonological or functional factors that can interfere with vocal production, laryngeal function, or both. In general terms, voice disorder occurs when someone has problems with the larynx or voice through the nose or throat. For example high voice or buzzing (Handoko, 2014, p 6). Based on the analysis of the data above, shows that language disorders that rarely appear in stuttering people are voice disorder. There is only one of all data that contains Drew's stuttering utterances. In data analysis datum 5 (like pebbles down a waterfall how how how how) as when Drew spoke, he had the emotional intonation of speaking to convey what he was saying. So that the voice he delivered became a high note.
Besides, the understanding of stuttering according to Miltenberg (2008) is speaking fluency in which a person repeats a word or syllable, extends the sound of words or syllables, cannot say a word (pauses for some time when trying to say a word).
Meanwhile, according to Efnida, et al (2015: 4) in Saragih (2018) there are three types of speech disorders that are developmental stuttering, temporary stuttering, and persistent stuttering.
The first discussion kinds of stuttering disorder are developmental stuttering.
Developmental stuttering is a condition of stuttering which is still natural to occur as part of the development process. In connection with the discussion above Drew is included in the type of developmental stuttering. In his biography, speech difficulties or stuttering can change his life. He has difficulty interacting with others. This makes his lack of confidence, mental anxiety, and social are being experienced. In accordance with Efnida, et al (2015: 4) in Saragih (2018) developmental stuttering in adolescents is usually due to a lack of selfconfidence and anxiety due to physical, mental and social changes that are being experienced.
The second discussion kinds of stuttering disorder are temporary stuttering.
Temporary stuttering is stuttering which is generally caused by psychological factors, for example entering a new wider environment, such as the school environment and relationships, so it requires time to adjust both mentally and socially (Efnida, et al. 2015in Saragih 2018. But according to DL's biography, he was not included in the temporary stutter type. He stutters are not caused by psychological factors or entering a new wider environment, such as the school environment and relationships, so it takes time to adjust both mentally and socially. But he stuttered due to neurogenic factors or post-accident stuttering when playing softball.
The third discussion kinds of stuttering disorder are temporary stuttering. Stuttering is someone who has no effort or endeavors to be healed for life. Usually more due to physiological abnormalities of speech and will continue, unless assisted with speech therapy (Efnida, et al. 2015in Saragih 2018. In connection with the above analysis, DL is classified as a permanent stutterer type. In his biography, in his teens, he had joined the softball game group. At the age of 20 Drew suffered an injury while playing softball which hit the throat and one of the nerves in his voice was cut off, causing some vocal trauma.
He stuttered until now. Difficulty in speaking that has changed his life, he has difficulty interacting socially with others. But he has an effort to improve his stuttering by frequently making vlog videos with his dog. This is what makes him often talk so that he experienced stuttering began to decrease.
In this discussion section, the researchers answered the results of the analysis of the formulation of the second problem. The results of the study stated that the occurrence of stuttering language disorders in Drew when speaking offstage more often occurred at the beginning of sentences and mid-sentences. From thirty-two datums, there are thirty-one data in Drew's stuttering data analysis that occur at the beginning of the sentence and in the middle of the sentence. The data is like in the example datum 1 (Hey  While the syllables that he often utters are forms of prepositions, nouns, and adjectives. The similarity in this research and previous research is that the object of research is mostly taken from videos downloaded from YouTube. The theory used is the theory of Carroll (1986). Carroll Theory is also used by researchers to analyze data because this theory is still relevant and following the characteristics of the data to be studied. In addition to Carrol's theory, researchers also added the theoretical framework of Saragih's thesis to categorize the types of stuttering language disorders spoken by DL. Furthermore, to explain the occurrence of stuttering language that was spoken by Drew using a theoretical framework from Handoko (2014).
Meanwhile, the difference between this study and previous research lies in the research subject. The subject of this study uses adult men who suffer from stuttering that occurs when speaking offstage on the YouTube channel itself. Whereas previous researchers mostly used the subject of women who suffer from cerebral palsy, adult men who suffer from autism, and children who suffer from stuttering. No previous study uses the stuttering of DL off stage speech as the subject of the study. DL was chosen as the subject of research because stuttering is his trademark. He is also a comedian to bring up the types of stuttering that are influenced by varied contexts by making various types of stuttering disorders. To the chosen subject, DL also has relevance to the topics used by researchers.
Besides, another reason why researchers chose this research is that we as humans can take the example that it is important to care for people who have stuttering language disorders. In everyday life, one can understand the character when talking to someone who has a deep stuttering language disorder and can apply how to deal with the character of someone who has a stuttering language disorder by understanding the sentence as a whole.

CONCLUSION
According to the analysis, it can be concluded that from thirty-two data, there are four types of stuttering language disorder characters that are following the research data, namely repetition, prolongation, interjection, and pause. Among the five types, according to the results of the analysis states that the type of repetition is a type of disorder that often occurs in Drew. In the analysis of data, there are seventeen data from thirty-two data that correspond to this type. Besides, the type of stuttering that is very rare in DL's words is a type. In addition to the characteristics that appear individually in one utterance, Drew also raises several types of stuttering in his utterance. This is called a stuttering combination.
In data analysis, the type of combination of stuttering characters rarely occurs in the words of DL.
In addition to examining the types of stuttering language disorders, researchers also examined the occurrence of stuttering language disorders in DL's speech. The results of the study stated that the occurrence of stuttering language disorders in Drew when speaking offstage more often occurred at the beginning of sentences and mid-sentences.
Of the thirty-two data, there are thirty-one data in Drew's stuttering data analysis that occur at the beginning of the sentence and the middle of the sentence. Apart from thirtytwo data, there is also one data that occurs at the end of a sentence. In the results of the discussion, it can be concluded that Drew was included in the stutter of development stuttering. Drew belongs to this type because of its compatibility with his biography.
In this study, four out of five speech characters on stuttered have been found. Of the four types, it is stated that stuttering that often occurs in adult men is repetition. This type of repetition is the most common type of stuttering character. The researcher recommends that future researchers who have an interest in researching stuttering language disorders are advised to research with different goals and different objects as well.
The implication of the results of stuttering language disorder research is suggested to be used as a reference and reference for further research. Specifically, psycholinguistic students can utilize video content from Drew Lynch's YouTube channel in researching stuttering characters, because Drew Lynch's stuttering is one of his trademarks. Also, most expressive language disorders in this study are fluency disorders. Thus it is advisable to use other types of context to conduct research. There may be more types of language disorders in different types of contexts. Besides this research findings are limited from data derived from video. Transcript data does not match what is said so it takes a long time to understand what is said because the sentences are also unclear. Therefore it needs to be strengthened by other studies that observe the direct conversation.
We as human beings can take an important example that, we as fellow human beings must have a sense of care and respect for each other especially for people who have special needs such as stutterers. It is recommended that everyone who communicates with someone who stutters makes a good atmosphere because the results of this study indicate that people who experience poor speaking will try to say what he is conveying very quickly. On the other hand, for people who are in a stutterer environment, it is better to help the stutterer to go through the therapy process. Because according to the results of the study, when stutterers are often invited to communicate, then they will be more trained to talk often. This is one of the therapies for the recovery process or reduces sound to make it smoother when talking.