SUNDANESE AHMADIYYA’S PUPUJIAN OF THE MAHDI IN WEST JAVA

Jajang A Rohmana

doi:10.18860/ua.v20i2.5689

SUNDANESE AHMADIYYA’S PUPUJIAN OF THE MAHDI IN WEST JAVA

Jajang A Rohmana

Abstract

This article focuses on the local tradition of Ahmadiyya in West Java in the form of Sundanese oral literature entitled Pupujian Imam Mahdi, the song of praise of the Mahdi. It is not only related to strengthening the so-called “Sundanese Ahmadiyya” identity through cultural acculturation, but also an important channel in their acceptances in regions with the largest adherents in Indonesia. Through literary and cultural identity analysis, I argue that the literary and cultural channels contributed to the acceptance of minority groups in Indonesia. Through pupujian Imam Mahdi, for instance, Ahmadiyya teachings on the messianistic figure were acculturated into the Sundanese literary tradition. It becomes a frame of movement towards the formation of the Sundanese Ahmadiyah identity. The pupujian is used to support their existences through the same cultural representation as other Sundanese people. It is a cultural strategy carried out by the most controversial minority group among the rejection of the most groups. This study is also important in revealing Ahmadiyya's contribution to the Sundanese local culture which may not be recognized by others. It actually becomes a peculiarity of Ahmadiyya identity in the Indonesian archipelago which is different from other cultural representation of Ahmadiyya in various regions in the world.

Keywords

Ahmadiyya; identity; messianism; pupujian; Sunda

Full Text:

PDF

References

Alfitri. 2008. “Religious Liberty in Indonesia and the Rights of ‘Deviant’ Sects.” Asian Journal of Comparative Law 3(1): 1-27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S2194607800000144

As’ad, Muhammad. 2009. “Ahmadiyah and the Freedom of Religion in Indonesia.” Journal of Indonesian Islam 3(2): 310-413. DOI: 10.15642/JIIS.2009.3.2.390-413

Azra, Azyumardi. 2005. “Pengantar.” In Iskandar Zulkarnain. Gerakan Ahmadiyah di Indonesia. Yogyakarta: LKiS.

Beck, Herman L. 2005. “The Rupture of Ahmadiyya with Muhammadiya.” Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 161(2/3): 210-46.

Bottomley, Daniel C. 2015. “The KTP Quandary: Islam, the Ahmadiyya, and the Reproduction of Indonesian Nationalism.” Contemporary Islam 9(1): 1-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11562-014-0302-2

Bowie, Fiona. 2001. The Anthropology of Religion, An Introduction. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.

Breidlid, T. 2013. “The legitimization of violence against the Ahmadiyya community in Indonesia.” Kawistara: Jurnal Ilmiah Sosial dan Humaniora 3(2): 165–77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/kawistara.3979

Burhani, Ahmad Najib. 2013. “When Muslims are not Muslims: the Ahmadiyya community and the Discourse on Heresy in Indonesia.” Ph.D. Thesis. Santa Barbara: University of California.

Burhani, Ahmad Najib. 2014a. “The Ahmadiyya and the Study of Comparative Religion in Indonesia: Controversies and Influences.” Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations 25(2): 141–58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09596410.2013.864191

Burhani, Ahmad Najib. 2014b. “Hating the Ahmadiyya: the place of ‘heretics’ in contemporary Indonesian Muslim society.” Contemporary Islam 8(2): 133–52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11562-014-0295-x

Burhani, Ahmad Najib. 2014c. “Conversion to the Ahmadiyya in Indonesia: winning hearts through ethical and spiritual appeals.” Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia 29(3): 657–90.

Burhani, Ahmad Najib. 2014d. “Treating minorities with fatwa: a study of Ahmadiyya community in Indonesia.” Contemporary Islam 8(3): 285-301. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11562-013-0278-3

Connley, Aleah. 2016. “Understanding the Oppressed: A Study of the Ahmadiyah and Their Strategies for Overcoming Adversity in Contemporary Indonesia.” Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 35(1): 29–58.

Del Re, Emanuela C. 2014. “Approaching onflict the Ahmadiyya way: The alternative way to conflict resolution of the Ahmadiyya community in Haifa, Israel.” Contemporary Islam 8(2): 115-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11562-014-0294-y

Ekadjati, Edi S. 2009. Kebudayaan Sunda Zaman Pajajaran, vol. 2. Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya.

Hasyim, Syafiq. 2017. “The Council of Indonesian Ulama (MUI) and ‘aqida-Based Intolerance: A Critical Analysis of Its Fatwa on Ahmadiyah and ‘Sepilis.” In Religion, Law and Intolerance in Indonesia, eds. Tim Lindsey and Helen Pausacker. London and New York: Routledge, 211-33.

Heryani, Yani. 2005. “Metode Penerjemahan Al-Quran dan Kitab Kuning ke dalam Bahasa Sunda.” In Pergumulan Islam dengan Kebudayaan Lokal di Tatar Sunda, eds. Cik Hasan Bisri et al. Bandung: Kaki Langit.

Hicks, Jacqueline. 2014. “Heresy and Authority: Understanding the Turn Againts Ahmadiyah in Indonesia.” Southeast Asia Research 22(3): 321-339. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5367/sear.2014.0216

Lathan, Andrea. 2008. “The Relativity of Categorizing in the Context of the Ahmadiyya.” Die Welt des Islams 48(3): 372-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/157006008X364749

Lindstrom, Lamont. 2002. “Millenial Movement, Millenarianism.” In Encyclopedia Social and Cultural Anthropology, eds. Alan Barnard and Jonathan Spencer. London & New York: Routledge.

Madjid, Nurcholish. 1995. Islam Doktrin dan Peradaban: Sebuah Telaah Kritis tentang Masalah Keimanan, Kemanusiaan, dan Kemodernan. Jakarta: Yayasan Wakaf Paramadina.

Ma’mun, Titin N. 2011. ”Pola Rima Syi’iran dalam Naskah di Tatar Sunda dan Hubungannya dengan Pola Syair Arab.” Jurnal Manassa 1(1): 147-59.

Ma’mun, Titin N. 2009. “Kontribusi Islam dalam Sastra Sunda (Kajian Ilmu ‘Arudl).” Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan 7(2): 235-52.

Manshur, Fadhil Munawwar. 1999. ”Tasawuf dan Sastra Tasawuf dalam Kehidupan Pesantren.” Humaniora 11(1): 102-109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jh.v11i1.631

Maryam, Siti. 2012. Damai dalam Budaya, Integrasi Tradisi Syi’ah dalam Komunitas Ahlusunnah wal Jama’ah di Indonesia. Jakarta: Balitbang Diklat Puslitbang Lektur dan Khazanah Keagamaan Kementerian Agama RI.

Matin, Usep Abdul. 2009. “K.H. Ahmad Sanusi (1888-1950): His Religio-Intellectual Discourse, and His Work Collection.” Lektur 7(1): 147-64.

Menchik, Jeremy M. 2011. “Tolerance Without Liberalisme: Islamics Institutions and Political Violence in Twentieth Century Indonesia.” Dissertation. University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. 1987. Traditional Islam in the Modern World. London and New York: Kegan Paul International.

Nurjamin, Asep. 2005. “Cigawiran: Tembang Sunda dari Pesantren.” In Pergumulan Islam dengan Kebudayaan Lokal di Tatar Sunda, eds. Cik Hasan Bisri et.al. Bandung: Kaki Langit.

Pamungkas, Cahyo. 2015. “Social Resilience of Minority Group: Study on Shia Refugees in Sidoarjo and Ahmadiyya Refugees in Mataram.” Ulumuna: Journal of Islamic Studies 19(2): 251-278. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v19i2.418

Panitia Kamus Lembaga Basa & Sastra Sunda. 1980. Kamus Umum Basa Sunda. Bandung: Penerbit Tarate.

Patzold, Uwe U. 2011. “Self-Depense and Music in Muslim Contexts in West Java.” In Divine Inspirations: Music and Islam in Indonesia, eds. David D. Harnish and Anne K. Rasmussen. New York: Oxford University Press.

Rahman, Fatima Zainab. 2014. “State restrictions on the Ahmadiyya sect in Indonesia and Pakistan: Islam or political survival?.” Australian Journal of Political Science 49(3): 408-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2014.934656

Rahman, Fazlur. 1997. Islam. Trans. Ahsin Mohammad. Bandung: Pustaka.

Rasmussen, Anne K. 2010. Women, the Recited Qur’an, and Islamic Music in Indonesia. London: University of California Press.

Rohmana, Jajang A. 2013. “Makhtutat Kinanti [Tutur teu Kacatur Batur]: Tasawwuf al-‘Alam al-Sundawi ‘ind al-Hajj Hasan Mustafa (1852-1930).” Studia Islamika 20(2): 325-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v20i2.390

Rohmana, Jajang A. 2015a. “Terjemah Puitis Kitab Suci di Jawa Barat: Terjemah Al-Qur’an Berbentuk Puisi Dangding dan Pupujian Sunda.” Suhuf: Jurnal Pengkajian al-Qur’an dan Budaya 8(2): 175-202.

Rohmana, Jajang A. 2015b. “Sastra Sufistik Melayu dan Sunda di Nusantara: Mempertemukan Hamzah Fansuri dan Haji Hasan Mustapa.” Ibda’: Jurnal Kebudayaan Islam 13(1): 1-27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24090/ibda.v13i1.486

Rohmana, Jajang A. 2015c. “Metrical Verse as a Rule of Qur’anic Translation: Some Reflections on R.A.A. Wiranatakoesoema’s Soerat Al-Baqarah (1888-1965).” Al-Jami’ah: Journal of Islamic Studies 53(2): 439-67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2015.532.439-467

Romli H.M., Usep. 2005. “Pesantren sebagai Pusat Budaya Orang Sunda.” In Pergumulan Islam dengan Kebudayaan Lokal di Tatar Sunda, eds. Cik Hasan Bisri et al. Bandung: Kaki Langit.

Ropi, Ismatu. 2010. “Islamism, Government Regulation, and the Ahmadiyah Controversies in Indonesia.” Al-Jami’ah: Journal of Islamic Studies 48(2): 281-320. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2010.482.281-320

Rosidi, Ajip. 2009. Gerakan Kasundaan. Bandung: Kiblat.

Rosidi, Ajip. 2011. Sawer jeung Pupujian. Bandung: Kiblat.

Rusyana, Yus. 1971. Bagbagan Puisi Pupujian Sunda. Bandung: Projek Penelitian Pantun dan Folklore Sunda.

Sadkar, 2015. Tanda-tanda Ahir Zaman: Maluruh Kasumpingan Isa Almasih & Imam Mahdi Nu Dijangjikeun sarta Tanda-tanda Kasumpinganana. Bogor: Neratja Press.

Scherpen, Bastiaan. 2015. “Enforcing Religious Freedom in Indonesia, Muslim Elites and the Ahmadiyah Controversy after the 2011 Cikeusik Clash.” In Islam, Politics and Change, The Indonesian Experience after the Fall of Suharto, eds. Kees van Dijk and Nico J.G. Kaptein. Leiden: Leiden University Press.

Soedirgo, Jessica. 2018. “Informal networks and religious intolerance: clientelism incentivizes the discrimination of the Ahmadiyah in Indonesia.” Citizenship Studies 22(2): 191-207. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2018.1445490

Sofianto, Kunto. 2014. “Tinjauan Kritis Jemaat Ahmadiyah Indonesia.” Dissertation. Universitas Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Suryana, A’an. 2017. “Discrepancy in State Practices: The Cases of Violence against Ahmadiyah and Shi’a Minority Communities during the Presidency of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.” Al-Jami‘ah: Journal of Islamic Studies 55(1): 71-104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2017.551.71-104

Syaqiq, Sholihin. 2009. Kumpulan Khutbah ku Basa Sunda. Bandung: Sinarbaru Algesindo.

Warnaen, Suwarsih et al. 1987. Pandangan Hidup Orang Sunda seperti Tercermin dalam Tradisi Lisan dan Sastra Sunda. Bandung: Depdikbud Dirjen Kebudayaan Bagian Proyek Penelitian dan Pengkajian Kebudayaan Sunda.

Wilar, Abraham Silo. 2015. “Khatamul Anbiya According to Ahmadiyya in Indonesia, A History of Interpretation.” Dissertation. Universitas Gajah Mada Graduate School.

Yahya, Iip Zulkifli. 2009. “Ngalogat di Pesantren Sunda: Menghadirkan yang Dimangkirkan.” In Sadur: Sejarah Terjemahan di Indonesia dan Malaysia, ed. Henri Chambert-Loir. Jakarta: KPG.

Yahya, Iip Zulkifli. 2008. Ajengan jeung Santrina Pasantren Salafiyah di Jawa Barat. Bandung: Puspawarna.

Yahya, Iip Zulkifli. 2003. “Tradisi Ngalogat di Pesantren Sunda, Penemuan dan Peneguhan Identitas.” In Politik dan Postkolonialitas di Indonesia, ed. A. Budi Susanto. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kanisius.

Zulkarnain, Iskandar. 2005. Gerakan Ahmadiyah di Indonesia. Yogyakarta: LKiS.

Interview with Mr. B, one of Ahmadiyya followers in Manislor Kuningan, Friday, November 27, 2015 at 09.30.

Interview with Mr. R, Sadkar’s grandson, Sadkar is a founder of Ahmadiyya branch in Garut, Pataruman, Tarogong Garut, Tuesday, August 16, 2016 at 11.00.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/ua.v20i2.5689