Application of K-Means Cluster Analysis for Grouping State Islamic University in Indonesia based on the Readiness Indicators for World Class University (WCU)

Based on Moscow Ranking 2021, State Islamic University in Indonesia is still lower than other non-Islamic State University. This shows that the mapping of higher education readiness is an important aspect in preparation for WCU. Thus, there is a need for more in-depth research related to the level of readiness of universities. This study aims to determine the data description of the readiness of State Islamic Religious Colleges (PTKIN) to World Class University (WCU) and classify them based on that readiness. Quantitative methods are used in this study. The data were analyzed by K-Means Clustering. The data used in this research obtained from the Ministry of Religion's e-SMS Diktis system. The e-SMS system is a collection of data in each unit at a university based on WCU indicators, namely Good Governance University (GUG), University's Performance Improvement (UPI), Competitive Advantages University (CAU), and Global Recognition University (GRU). The results of the analysis show that from the four indicators it has not been able to achieve 100%. In addition, there are three clusters produced, namely PTKIN is very ready, ready, and not ready to go to World Class University (WCU). PTKIN need hard work in each indicator to be an international standard.


INTRODUCTION
For many years, there have been discussions about World Class University (WCU) [1].Universities of the highest caliber are what colleges in various nations aim to become [2]- [5].Universities that fit the WCU categorization must be realized, which requires money, time [6], and strategy [7].Supporting infrastructure and educational facilities is expensive.This needs to be prepared over a sufficient amount of time.Universities also need an institutional strategy to accomplish their objectives.Global rankings are something that universities all over the world aspire to.The Times Higher Education Supplement (THES), The Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU), and Webometrics are three organizations that currently list the greatest universities in the world [5], [8].The ranking results of each institution may differ because the indicators used are also different [8].

METHODS
The Ministry of Religion's e-SMS Directorate of Islamic Higher Education system provided the data used in this study.The information is a compilation of information based on the indicators GUG, UPI, CAU, and GRU from each department within the university.The data used is from 2021, and 24 PTKIN were included in the study.The K-Means clustering approach was then used to examine the data in the subsequent steps:; Repeating the process a to c until the data is saturated, meaning that there is no

GUG Indicator Achievement
The implementation of a professional leadership system and the creation of an internal quality assurance system in compliance with the National Higher Education Standards (NHES) are the two sub-indicators that make up the GUG indicator.Data on indicators for the actualization of a professional leadership system are displayed in Figure 1.If Figure 1 were ranked, PTKIN would be UIN Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau, UIN North Sumatra, and UIN Imam Bonjol, which have the lowest average percentage.Meanwhile, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati, and UIN Sunan Ampel have the highest average percentages.
The development of an internal higher education quality assurance system in conformity with the NHES is the second sub-indicator on the GUG indicator.Figure 2 displays the success of the indicators for the creation of an internal quality assurance system for higher education in accordance with the NHES.GUG at PTKIN internalizes Islamic principles in its implementation.This distinguishes PTKIN from other universities.Superior-quality human resources are required to administer effective university governance by modeling and putting into practice the virtues of Prophet Muhammad SAW, specifically Siddiq (true), Amanah (trustworthy), Fatonah (intellectual), and Tabligh (informing one another) [17].If university administration can demonstrate these four prophetic traits, academic quality will be strong and they will be able to effectively implement GUG principles.
Transparency, accountability, responsibility, independence, fairness, quality assurance, relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, and non-profit must all be adhered to in the implementation of GUG [17]- [21].GUG assists universities in effectively achieving their mission and vision and producing high-quality educational output [22].Internal control, often known as quality assurance, is crucial to the accomplishment of GUG's goals.The accomplishment of GUG is positively impacted by the work of the internal control unit [23].However, the GUG achievement at PTKIN has not actually been maximized.The use of GUG concepts has not been fully and satisfactorily optimized institutional management [24].This is evident from the lack of transparency in budget planning, management, and execution; the continued sufficiency of accountability; the continued weakness of responsibility; and the underutilization of independence space [24].

UPI Indicator Achievement
The first UPI indicator has two sub-indicators: the first is the realization of students' mental quality and character, and the second is the strengthening of the educational system from a moderate perspective.The initial sub-indicator has two components.Figure 4 demonstrates how students' mental attributes and character compare to others.The improvement of the educational system, with a moderate viewpoint made up of 10 factors, is the subject of the second UPI indicator.Figure 5 provides information on the improvement of the educational system from a moderate viewpoint.The PTKINs with the highest percentages are UIN Sunan Gunung Djati, UIN Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin, UIN Sunan Ampel, and UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, according to the average percentage of the 10 sub-indicators.Meanwhile, UIN Antasari, UIN Imam Bonjol, and UIN Fatmawati Sukarno Bengkulu had the lowest average percentages.Figure 6 shows the success of PTKIN in all UPI sub-indicators.UIN Sunan Gunung Djati achieved the greatest overall UPI sub-indicator achievement percentage, at 79.15%.Then came UIN Sunan Ampel and UIN Sultan Maulana Hasanudin.There is currently no PTKIN that is 100%.A well-implemented GUG will be beneficial in many ways, including the standard of instruction, accessibility of facilities, and happiness of students [25].So that students are happy with the services offered by educators and education professionals, effective teaching needs to be backed by adequate facilities.
The ability of students to succeed academically also depends on their cognitive requirements.If the instruction given to students in higher education satisfies their cognitive needs, these needs can be satisfied [26].Universities must hire qualified academics and provide a positive learning environment in order to deliver quality instruction and generate the best graduates [27].
Because academic and social policies in higher education differ from those of the government, changes in some areas of higher education have an effect on changes in other closely linked areas [28].As a result, stakeholders practice social responsibility and work hard to build a solid reputation for excellence [27].This makes it appropriate for universities to adhere to current government regulations, one of which is the Ministry of Religious Affairs' directive to apply religious moderation in educational activities.

CAU Indicator Achievement
The implementation of a planning and budgeting system, as well as improving funding and the efficiency of education budget use, are the two sub-indicators that make up the CAU indicator.Figure 7 depicts the planning and budgeting system as it has been implemented.The realization of the planning and budgeting system.
The realization of the planning and budgeting system's sub-indicators is depicted in Figure 7 as being successful.Institutions of higher learning regularly review and follow up on how the budget is being implemented, and they have budget information broken down by funding source.These sub-indicators led to the conclusion that UIN Sunan Gunung Djati, UIN Raden Intan, and UIN Antasari had the greatest average percentage scores for PTKIN.
The number of business unit programs that are pertinent to the study program can be used to gauge the sub-indicator of the efficacy of the usage of the education budget.The number of business unit programs that are pertinent to the study program can be used to gauge the sub-indicator of the efficacy of the usage of the education budget.The quantity of business unit programs pertinent to the study program is depicted in Figure 8.With four colleges, PTKIN, which receives the greatest percentage value for pertinent business unit programs, demonstrates the need for improvement in competitive excellence.In a changing corporate environment, competitive advantage is a prerequisite for higher education globally and merits specific attention [29].Higher education's competitive advantage is built on a number of factors, including learning quality, research, innovation, reputation, image, and partnerships with stakeholders [30].

GRU Indicator Achievement
The realization of civil society in the university environment is one of the GRU indicator's sub-indicators.The percentage of these sub-indicators is shown in Figure 9 below.UIN Mataram, UIN Raden Mas Said Surakarta, and UIN Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah Tulungagung have the lowest percentages of PTKIN when calculated using the proportion of these sub-indicators.The UINs Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Sunan Gunung Djati, Sultan Thaha Saifuddin, and Sunan Ampel are all part of PTKIN, which has the greatest percentage.
The establishment of civil society within the institution is a sign that the GRU indicators have been met.Public Sector International recognition is a characteristic of higher education.PTKIN needs to create and carry out international-standard operations in order to be recognized on a global scale.To do this, strategic measures must be taken, such as transforming the audience into actors, pursuing academic diplomacy on an international scale, sending lecturers abroad, enhancing foreign language proficiency, implementing administrative management that adheres to international standards, and stepping up research efforts [31].

Cluster Analysis Results
Some of the SPSS outputs from the PTKIN grouping's cluster analysis based on the WCU readiness indicators, which are shown in Table 1, are shown below.Table 1 shows the first perspective of the clustering process prior to the iteration phase and comprises the initial cluster center values.The iteration procedure is described in Table 2.In order to achieve the best findings, the analysis' iteration procedure is repeated a certain amount of times, as shown in Table 2. Table 2's results show that the iteration procedure required two iterations to produce the best possible cluster outcomes.Additionally, 2.512 is the minimum distance between the cluster centers created as a result of the iteration outcomes.The calculation results manually to calculate the distance of each variable using the following formula.
Based on data analysis, there are 3 clusters of PTKIN readiness for WCU, namely first cluster for the PTKIN category which is very ready, second cluster with PTKIN category that is ready, and third cluster classified as not ready.Table 7 lists the PTKIN clusters going to WCU.PTKIN comprises UPI sub-indicators for the following three clusters: number of activities (training and workshops), improvement of moderation, and application of performance reviews among directors general.Regular monitoring and follow-up of budget execution has been done in the higher education sub-indicators of the GUG, namely the Amanah indicators for faculty leaders with networking leadership.PTKIN, which is very prepared to accomplish WCU, is present in the first cluster.PTKIN ready can be found in the second cluster.And PTKIN, which is not yet prepared to actualize WCU, is present in the third cluster.
Realizing WCU is a reputable institution, PTKIN must take strategic actions, such as increasing the quantity and quality of research outputs, providing high-quality teaching services, and, as necessary, developing a website, providing leadership, implementing GUG, working with other institutions, and expanding PTKIN internationally [10].Achieving an international standard university requires careful planning, supporting infrastructure, input from stakeholders, support from stakeholders, and organizational commitment from academics, staff, and students [10].A supporting effort to build a university with a reputation for WCU is the development of the character of professors and staff who have academic ethics with rational, objective, and normative features [32].

CONCLUSIONS
Data analysis findings lead to the conclusion that not all achievement markers have been met by PTKIN for each WCU indicator employed in the Electronic Strategic Management System (e-SMS), namely GUG, UPI, CAU, and GRU.To attain WCU, PTKIN needs a solid GUG foundation in order to perform well at the UPI stage, go on to the CAU, and finally complete the GRU.To have a beneficial social influence on the community, PTKIN must be able to become a top university in terms of governance, leadership, research, and education.To do this, a lot of effort and assistance from several sources is required.

1 .
Determining Cluster Analysis Variables 2. Choosing a Cluster Analysis Design 3. Assumptions of Cluster Analysis 4. Cluster Formation a. Calculating Euclidian distance:  = √∑ ∑ ∑(  −   ) the members of each cluster by using the results of the calculation of the closest distance.c.Calculating the centroid of each cluster:

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.PTKIN's achievement on the sub-indicators of the realization of a professional leadership system 83,33%

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Achievement of PTKIN in the sub-indicators of the formation of the Higher Education Internal Quality Assurance System in accordance with the NHES

Figure 3 .
Figure 3. Achievement of PTKIN on the GUG indicator

Figure 4 .
Figure 4. Achievement of PTKIN on the indicators of the realization of the mental quality and character of students

Figure 5 .
Figure 5. PTKIN's achievement on indicators of strengthening the education system with a moderate perspective

Figure 7 .
Figure 7. PTKIN's achievement on the sub-indicators of the realization of the planning and budgeting system

Figure 8 .
Figure 8. PTKIN's achievement on indicators of the number of business unit programs relevant to the study program

Figure 9 .
Figure 9.The achievement of PKTIN on the GRU indicators (the realization of civil society in the university environment) Application of K-Means Cluster Analysis for Grouping State Islamic University in Indonesia based on the Readiness Indicators for World Class University (WCU)

The formation of the Higher Education Internal Quality Assurance System in accordance with the SNPT
Looking at Figure3's overall GUG indication, we can deduce that the PTKINs UIN Ar Raniry, UIN Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember, and UIN Imam Bonjol have the lowest average proportion.UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati, UIN Sunan Ampel, and UIN Raden Mas Said Surakarta have the highest average percentages, meanwhile.

The realization of the mental quality and character of students has
the lowest proportion of on-time graduation in each study program.PTKIN with the highest percentages include, among others, UIN Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah Tulungagung, UIN Raden Mas Said Surakarta, and UIN Sunan Kalijaga.UIN Datokarama Palu, UIN Raden Fatah, and UIN Imam Bonjol are all part of PTKIN, which has the lowest percentage on the sub-indicator of the availability of student exchange programs.And UIN Walisongo, UIN Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah Tulungagung, and UIN Syarif Hidayatullah had the greatest percentages of PTKIN.
Figure6shows that UIN Antasari, UIN Imam Bonjol, and UIN Fatmawati Sukarno Bengkulu are all part of PTKIN, which has the lowest average percentage of UPI indicators.Meanwhile, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati, UIN Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin, and UIN Sunan Ampel are included in PTKIN, which has the greatest average proportion of UPI indicators.

Table 1 .
PTKIN grouping cluster analysis outcome from SPSS.

Table 2 .
Information Iteration Process Iteration History a

Table 3 .
Membership of the 3 clusters formed Cluster MembershipThe membership of the created clusters is displayed in Table 3.It is clear that the 1 st Cluster with the PTKIN category has members such as UIN Walisongo, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, UIN Sunan Kalijaga, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati, UIN Sunan Ampel, UIN Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin, UIN Raden Intan, UIN Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau, and UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang.Meanwhile, UIN Sultan Aji Muhammad Idris Samarinda, UIN Raden Mas Said Surakarta, UIN Raden Fatah, UIN Professor Kiai Haji Saifuddin Zuhri, and UIN Antasari are among the members of the 2 nd cluster with the PTKIN category who are prepared to enroll in a top institution.In addition, UIN North Sumatra, UIN Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin, UIN Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah Tulungangung, UIN Ar-Raniry, UIN Datokarama Palu, UIN Fatmawati Sukarno Bengkulu, UIN Imam Bonjol, UIN Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember, UIN Mataram and UIN Alauddin are PTKIN classified as not ready to go to WCU based on the e-sms indicator used.

Table 4 .
Cluster membership Number

Table 5 .
Distance Between Final Clusters and centers