USLUB AL-INSYA’ AL-THALABI FI KITAB RISALAH AL-MU’AWANAH WA AL-MUZHAHIRAH WA AL-MU’AZARAH LI AL-IMAM AL-HADDAD: DIRASAH TAHLILIYYAH BALAGHIYYAH

Abstract

The study of insya’ ṭalabī (requestive rhetorical constructions) is an important area of ‘ilm al-ma‘ani, a branch of Arabic rhetoric concerned with meaning in context. These constructions can convey rhetorical meanings beyond their literal meanings, as determined by contextual and situational cues. This study aims to: (1) identify the types and forms of insya’ ṭalabi in the chapters concerning social ethics; (2) analyze its rhetorical meanings and the contextual and situational cues that determine them; and (3) describe its stylistic features in these chapters. This study employed a qualitative descriptive approach based on library research. Data were collected through documentation, involving the identification and recording of requestive constructions. The data were then classified and analyzed using content analysis and an applied rhetorical approach grounded in ‘Ilm al-Ma‘ani. The findings identified 194 instances of insya’ ṭalabi, comprising commands (amr, 141), prohibitions (nahy, 44), vocatives (nidā’, 5), interrogatives (istifham, 3), and wishes (tamanni, 1). These were expressed through twelve grammatical forms, including imperative constructions, prohibitions, vocatives, interrogatives, and expressions of wish. Six rhetorical meanings were identified: literal meaning (9), advice and guidance (170), supplication (12), regret and anguish (1), arousal of interest (1), and reproach or denial (1). Advice and guidance predominated, with contextual cues helping distinguish literal and figurative meanings. Three stylistic features emerged: chapters frequently begin with wa ‘alayka, advisory commands predominate, and commands and prohibitions complement each other in constructing ethical and educational discourse through targhib (encouragement) and tarhib (warning).