Arabic Language Learning Methods in The Digital Era

The purposes of this study are describing the role of digital in learning Arabic, and explaining how effective methods are in learning Arabic in the digital era. This is a qualitative descriptive research. Data was carried out by observation and interviews with students of the 2023 Arabic language development special program at UIN Malang, Indonesia about the learning methods used. The results of the research namely; the currently developing digital era can make it easier for students to learn by using technology as a learning medium. An effective method in learning Arabic is in the form of getting used to answering online exercises to practice reading, writing and speaking so that one can master learning Arabic. Apart from that, the current problem is that the use of technology also has a negative impact on young people because of their dependence on the use of cell phones which can also be used as a means of entertainment.


INTRODUCTION
The most important means of communication in the world today is language, and there are many different languages spoken, all of which can facilitate communication with others (Amirudin 2014).One of them is Arabic, although it is sometimes called the language of the Qur'an, Arabic does not have much influence as the goal and result of student learning.Therefore, learning Arabic is always carried out by those who understand the language and understand how to teach it academically and pedagogically so that teachers can find appropriate solutions when teaching subjects, it is very important for them to have a thorough understanding of the problems of teaching Arabic (Fahrurrozi Aziz 2014).Until now, the majority of students still view Arabic as a language that is difficult to learn as a subject that is less interesting.In addition, there are several obstacles encountered during learning, ranging from easy to difficult (Ridho 2018).
Learning is a certain type of learning process that runs slowly and results in unwanted behavior changes and continues to be positive (Thobroni and Arif Mustofa 2013).Pringgawidagda (2002) emphasized that learning is a change in behavior that is very new as a result of frequent practices.Regarding the existence of people learning Arabic, there are many different perspectives of people.The majority of the population who speak Arabic are Muslims because Arabic was developed as a means to develop Arabic-language literary works.Learning Arabic is popularly associated with studying Islamic theology.The current perspective is also not wrong because the majority of references to Islam are in Arabic.The belief that learning Arabic is the same as learning any language is also prevalent.This view is more specifically focused on the way people learn Arabic which is useful as a communication medium (Iswanto 2017).Program Khusus Pengembangan Bahasa Arab (PKPBA) of UIN Malang is an institution that is responsible for handling Arabic lectures which are managed with a special program.Which learning Arabic is aimed at four skills, namely listening skills, speaking skills, reading skills and writing skills and must be followed by all students from all majors (Ratnaningtyas 2015).
The era of globalization has led to increasingly intense labor competition so that superior human resources are needed, namely people who can build strong networks, develop strong teamwork and love high quality work supported by the tendency to always improve knowledge and quality (Ittihad 2023).In the world of education, there is an urgent need to use information and communication technology in educational settings.The era of globalization in education places more emphasis on creativity and relationships between humans with other humans who have high economic value to become superior in the fields of mathematics and science.This fact shows that education is more dynamic than static, taking into account current events and the need for continuing education to help Indonesian citizens become more successful in the country's political, cultural, social and economic development, so that the learning process also requires relevant methods (Wahib Dariyadi 2019).
Currently, students are very easy to obtain learning.Not having to meet face to face, students can carry out online learning or what is called online (in the network).The lesson that can be drawn from the existence of COVID-19 is that we are able to maximize the use of technology in educational needs to make it more effective and make it easier for students to learn.There are so many applications that support learning Arabic by practicing Kalam, Qiraah, Kitabah and many more.In this case, students have a very important role where they must be committed to making the best use of technology.Tolere, Yusuf, and Ansar (2023) state that in the learning process there are two very important factors, namely the teaching process and learning media.Both have interdependent and influencing roles in the learning process.One of the main roles of learning media is to become a teaching tool to carry out the teaching process in class, where the media can greatly influence the conditions and circumstances of students in learning, obtaining learning material.
Learning media that can be used in the digital era is the use of technology.Educational technology is often associated with learning and learning methods.While learning and learning methods contain learning and learning processes and systematics, educational technology can contain other systems used in developing human capacity (Iswanto 2017).Therefore, the use of media must be something that must attract more attention of the teacher in all learning activities.However, what is happening now is that there are still many teachers who ignore and even often forget this for various reasons, especially in today's digital era.As a teacher in today's digital era, you must be able to make the learning process fun, skilled and innovative, as part of the goals of the teaching process.And the benefits of education for today's students do not only instill an understanding of science, but also go beyond that understanding (Tolere et al. 2023).Therefore, very important to consider Arabic learning methods in the current Digital Age, so that students can truly understand Arabic as a whole, not just understand it, but also understand and be able to practice it in everyday life so that teachers must prepare the right method in teaching Arabic especially at PKPBA UIN Malang.
Based on the explanation above, the researchers wanted to discuss Arabic learning methods in the digital era.The purpose of this research is to explain how the method of learning Arabic by utilizing and using learning media effectively as a process of learning Arabic in the Digital Age.Specifically, this research aims to: (1) Know the importance of learning and learning; and (2) describe the role of digital in learning Arabic at PKPBA UIN Malang; and (3) Describe effective methods in learning Arabic in the digital era at PKPBA UIN Malang.

METHOD
The method in this article is to use a technical analysis method using a qualitative analysis method which is presented with pictures that have been taken from the field along with clear descriptions and explanations.For data collection, using several techniques including interview techniques, internet searching techniques and library techniques.For this interview technique, the intended subjects are students who are carrying out the Arabic Language Learning Program, this interview technique can also be referred to as field research, where this research is carried out on the spot so that the information obtained is correct and real.For internet searching, it is done by finding data or internet information that can be obtained through e-books, journals, articles or news online which are reviewed according to proven research objects.Internet searching is also known as an online data search method such as the internet, as a result it allows research to use data and information in the form of data or theory, quickly and easily and can be accounted for academically.As for the library data collection technique is to look for data and information through books from the library.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Etymologically at KBBI (2005), learning means "trying to acquire intelligence or a science".In the Qur'an there are many verses that indicate learning activities, including Surah An-Nahl Verse 78: Meaning: And Allah brought you out of the wombs of your mothers in a state of not knowing anything, and He gave you hearing, sight and hearts so that you may be grateful.
Learning words contained in Arabic terms are usually called ‫تعلم‬ and ‫.درس‬ Al-Quran uses the word ‫درس‬ which means study.Learning and learning are something that cannot be separated from one another.Where if learning is implemented without learning effort and vice versa if learning effort is implemented without learning, the results cannot be maximized.Learning and learning have an equally important role, especially for the younger generation.In this case, the younger generation is a pioneer for a nation and is the nation's hope in the future so that they can develop a state system and be able to compete with other countries.Therefore, study and learning are very important so that someone has very broad knowledge, and is able to understand, research and respond to the problems that are being faced both in the present and in the future.Someone also really needs to develop their potential from an early age and instill spiritual values and norms and noble morals in themselves.This is what is very necessary for all nations in this world.
In learning and learning activities, students act as actors of learning activities.What is meant by the teaching process itself is the learning activities of students that aim to achieve learning targets.The purpose of teaching will be realized if students try actively and earnestly in its implementation.The activeness of students is required in terms of physical and mental.If the students are physically active but mentally inactive, then the learning objectives have not been implemented.What is meant by mentally inactive students are students who cannot accept criticism from others and are offended by other people's words if they do not match their opinion.In this case, it is the same as students who do not get any changes in themselves.
Learning activity is a form of interaction carried out by an individual with his environment.The environment in question is other objects that are used by individuals in gaining experience or knowledge, whether it is new or previously acquired or discovered experience or knowledge.
There are two factors that can affect an individual's learning activities, including the following: 1. Internal Factors Internal factors can occur if there is a desire from each individual to fulfill his desires and try to carry out an activity so that his needs and desires are achieved.Internal factors that can influence the activities of an individual include physical and psychological a) Physical Factors (Physical) What is meant by physical factors is the physical health condition of a person who can carry out an activity well and does not have a disease that can prevent him from learning.But there is also someone who has physical deficiencies such as defects in certain parts of the body so that someone is difficult to get an education normally like others.In this case, it does not prevent someone from getting an education, because there is special learning for disabled people so that they can still learn and develop their potential and can bring out creativity that is not owned by other people.
b) Psychological factors (spiritual) In contrast to physical factors, psychological factors are influenced by a person's soul or mentality in conducting a lesson.In this case what is needed in a person includes self-awareness in learning, having a strong interest in learning and being serious about learning.In addition, one must have mental strength because studying is not as smooth as one might imagine.There are even many obstacles that not everyone is able to complete an education to the highest level.

External Factors
External factors also greatly influence the learning activities of an individual.In this case external factors come from factors outside oneself and the surrounding environment including family factors, community factors and school factors.
a) Family Factors The role of each parent is very necessary in the formation of a person's character and character as well as support in the development of their child's education.Children's first education comes from parents where they are obliged to educate their children and provide the facilities needed so that they can carry out the learning process properly so that they can make their parents proud and provide benefits to those around them.
b) School Factors In addition to the means and facilities, effective educational methods and systems for students are indispensable in the learning process.The system and methods used must be in accordance with the conditions and abilities of the students.Teachers have full rights in educating someone so that students are able to understand the material but one thing that is not allowed is violence.

c) Community Factors
The community also has a role in the education process.In this case, society is a third-level educational institution after family and school.All humans are essentially social beings where they cannot meet their own needs without the help of other humans even though they have abundant wealth.Education plays a very important role in subsequent social life where education is an effort made in guiding and developing the potential possessed by students so that later they can solve a problem that occurs in society.

The Role Of Digital In Arabic Learning Methods
Arabic as a foreign or second language for students In Indonesia, of course there are obstacles in teaching and learning difficulty.The obstacles faced are various, ranging from differences characteristics of Arabic with Indonesian as well as interests and enthusiasmstudents themselves in learning it.With these obstacles, Arabic language teachers are prosecuted able to deliver lessons properly and precisely.Material mastery become an important part for teachers to master as well as they must be able to sorting and choosing the methods and media used.By election the right method and media, students will feel cool to learn Arabic so that enthusiasm and love for learning the Arabic language growAlone (Mustofa 2020).
Our world of education is growing rapidly after the use of information and communication technology in education.In the digital era or commonly known as the era Industry 4.0, ongoing learning must be accompanied by the use of technology that makes it easier for teachers and students in carrying out the teaching and learning process, as well as Arabic learning (Mustofa 2020).In the current era of globalization of education, more valued creativity and high economic value relations so that it becomes more visible in the field than the intelligence of mathematics and natural sciences.This fact shows that education is a dynamic business, not static.The development of the era and the role of education in empowering Indonesian people.This is reflected in economic, social, cultural and political development.Awareness of the importance of education for the progress of the nation is emphasized in the preamble to the 1945 constitution, it is specifically stated to educate the nation's life through training, the implementation of which is regulated in Article 31.
If you are currently an educator, create a process.The goal is learning that is interesting, creative, innovative and entertaining.teaching process and now the goal of teacher education is not only to provide understanding of scientific disciplines but must be able to go beyond understanding.Striving for unity of intellect and morality, ready to share, prioritizing coexistence, quality and fighting Shared poverty and ignorance, creation of a world, where different people live That is the goal of modern education.That is why today's teachers must be able to use ICT tools in their learning.Content that attracts students' attention, of course, also includes the use of presentation media, and the wealth of learning resources aims to make it easier for teachers to convey subject matter.An excerpt from a hadith or hadith that reads: Raise your children according to the times.Likewise, being an educator requires the ability to adapt to current and future global developments.And globalization that occurs in all areas of life is experiencing rapid progress, especially in the field of science.
Advances in technology now bring many positive influences in the world of education.Not only students, teachers are also required to use technology to facilitate the learning process.Where technology makes us not much to waste time and can make it easier for us to find the information we need.One of the technologies that we really need is the internet.The internet is a very broad tool in the world of education, not only can we get information, we can also share the information we get through the internet.But it is also undeniable that the internet can have a negative influence.How could I not, because access is very easy and the spread is very fast, creating a loophole for criminals to benefit from things they shouldn't.Therefore, we as users must sort out what we need, what is good for us and what can be useful for us in the future.As it can make it easier for us to learn Arabic.
As an example of the use of digital technology in education, especially in learning Arabic, it can be seen from the research that has been carried out for this article, namely learning at the State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang in the "Special Program for Development of Arabic" or known as PKPBA which was established in 1997 The background of the establishment of this program is to support students' Arabic language skills in an Islamic tertiary institution.This program must be carried out by new students for a year on the campus.
Apart from using books as learning guides, they also take advantage of the use of technology such as the Kamus Hati application which was created to support students in learning.In addition, students are also facilitated by online exercises which are carried out once a week to repeat and evaluate the learning that has been studied before so they don't forget.This online exercise is called murojaah online where students are given a link to work on the questions that have been provided by the Arabic Language Programming Center by book titile "Al-Arabiyyah lil Hayah" (Hamid et al. 2018).As the following picture: Using a digital system can make learning easier, because students don't need to bother providing paper and other writing tools, it's just simple and modern.One of the materials is maharah istima', the teacher doesn't need to bother going here and there or dictating and repeating words or recordings because students can easily play the recordings on their cellphones, and it can be more conducive.Apart from that, learning materials are relatively renewable and you can learn anywhere and anytime because they are practical.In the digital era, there are PKPBA teachers who present fun online games that contain Arabic material, which apart from getting rid of boredom but still provides benefits.Also presenting creative videos that educate to improve mufrodat and istima' skills made by PKPBA teachers and shown to students which is also useful.But if the digital system doesn't always make things easier, there are also drawbacks, namely when there is a problem in the central server, the impact is that all students will definitely be hampered in their learning.Apart from that, some students also share confidential information such as exam questions and answers with each other because it is easy to use digital.
In addition to the many benefits of using digital progress in the learning process, there are also negative impacts, as explained above, that the digital system that is used is not always as smooth as imagined, there are lots of problems that occur because there are problems with servers that are down or it is difficult to catch signals.This is a challenge for implementers to improve and improve the quality of servers so that students do not experience problems in carrying out learning.Not only learning in class, learning is also carried out outside the classroom such as doing outbound and competitions.This aims to increase student enthusiasm in learning and can increase intimacy between students so as to create comfortable and peaceful learning and students feel happy and not burdened and not bored with the implementation of learning Arabic.

Effective Methods In Learning Arabic At PKPBA UIN Malang
Seeing the phenomenon in the digital era, currently Indonesia is faced with a big challenge to prepare a society that is able to face change and competition in that era.One of the efforts that must be made at this time is to improve the quality of human resources through improving the education system so that it is in line with the education systems in developed countries that are ready to face challenges in the digital era and carry out developments in the field of scientific and technological innovations that occur in society, so that in learning requires an effective method so that the learning process can run optimally (Syafaah 2019).Efendi (2017) states that the method is an overall procedure or plan that relates to the presentation of subject matter in an orderly and harmonious manner and does not conflict with one another based on a particular approach (Arsyad 2019).The learning method is an effort or way of implementing the learning process which includes facilities and infrastructure in presenting a subject matter so that learning can be carried out properly.Along with the times, many learning methods are applied in learning Arabic.Starting from traditional methods and modern methods.In this method, popular methods will be discussed by combining technological advances in today's digital era, including (Sam 2016): 1. Language structuring and translation methods (Thariqatu al-Qawaid wa al-Tarjamah) Thariqatu al-Qawaid wa al-Tarjamah is a language learning method that places more emphasis on grammar and translation.For grammar, if it is in Arabic, it can be called nahwu and shorof science.In nahwu science, it explains the position of a sentence, while in shorof science, it explains the change in the origin of words so that these two sciences are closely related.And for translation, the implementation can be done by memorizing as many mufrodat as possible so that one can master Arabic.As has been implemented in the special program for learning Arabic at UIN Malang where students are required to memorize mufrodat contained in one chapter on weekends and then submit their memorization to their respective instructors.This really supports the knowledge of word expansion so that it can easily master the language.In addition to depositing memorization, they are also trained with practice questions so that students can not only speak but are expected to be able to write Arabic and the methods used by the language development center at UIN Malang by utilizing digital as the executor so that the teachers do not need to correct the results one by one.Their training because the value is directly input by the server.Like the following picture: This method is an Arabic language learning method whose implementation uses the five senses of hearing as a learning reference.If this habituation is often done, it will increase mastery of the material and can practice Arabic pronunciation well.In PKPBA, usually a teacher gives material and reads it to students after which the students imitate it.This is very necessary in supporting the learning of Arabic which we usually refer to as the word istima' but because digital development is very advanced, it can also be done digitally as shown below: This method is an Arabic language learning method that emphasizes reading a text or sentence so that it can read and pronounce Arabic properly and correctly.Practicing qiraah skills can be done by getting used to reading the text of the story which is then retold and being able to also answer questions from the story which of course uses Arabic.Like practice questions below:

CONCLUSION
Learning is an effort made by someone to gain knowledge or knowledge.While learning is the application of a person in achieving his goals, namely obtaining education and learning, it is more structured in nature because there are components that must be met including teachers, students, media, materials, curriculum, schools or places of learning and many more.If these components are not fulfilled then the learning process will not be carried out properly.Education is very important, especially for the younger generation, it is mandatory for them to obtain education because the younger generation is the hope for the nation for the continuation of life in the future so that they can develop a nation so that they can compete with other nations.Currently, along with increasingly advanced digital developments, it can make it easier for students to obtain learning easily so that there are no obstacles to learning.The digital era is now very easy to access through social networks such as the internet.Where we can get information easily and quickly.In addition, we can also use learning support applications.In learning Arabic itself, there are lots of learning media available, such as from YouTube, we can easily get material just by watching videos.Such is the case that has been implemented by the Special Program for Arabic Language Education at UIN Malang.The Implementers of this Program strive to combine Traditional Methods with Modern Methods that use digital developments in their application.The learning process carried out is carried out face-toface in class accompanied by a teacher by explaining learning material and carrying out material exercises using digital as a medium which is carried out once a week.In fact, students often watch films that use Arabic so students don't feel bored.This is also very supportive for students to be able to master Arabic, so this habituation is needed.

Figure
Figure 1.Dictionary Figure 2. Online practice