Analisis Perbedaan Material ABS dan Biomaterial pada Frame Kacamata

Abstract

Material selection for eyeglass frames plays an important role in determining mechanical strength, user comfort, and environmental sustainability. This study aims to compare the mechanical behavior of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and Polylactic Acid (PLA) as eyeglass frame materials using a numerical simulation approach based on Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The simulation was conducted using SolidWorks Simulation, applying a flexural loading scheme based on the ASTM D790 standard as a reference for loading conditions and boundary definitions. A three-dimensional eyeglass frame model was developed with identical geometry for both materials to ensure an objective comparison. ABS and PLA were modeled as isotropic and homogeneous materials, with mechanical properties obtained from the software’s material database. A flexural load of 5 N was applied to the center of the front frame to represent normal usage conditions, while the ends of the temples were defined as fixed supports. The evaluated parameters included Von Mises stress, equivalent strain, and maximum deformation. The simulation results show that the ABS eyeglass frame produced a maximum Von Mises stress of 6.115 × 10⁷ N/m², a maximum strain of 2.495 × 10⁻², and a maximum deformation of 84.14 mm. In contrast, the PLA frame generated a higher maximum stress of 6.621 × 10⁷ N/m², with a lower maximum strain of 1.490 × 10⁻² and a smaller deformation of 52.90 mm. These results indicate that ABS exhibits greater ductility and flexibility, while PLA demonstrates a stiffer response under the same loading conditions. Based on the comparative analysis, ABS shows superior mechanical performance and flexibility, making it more suitable for long-term eyeglass frame applications. Meanwhile, PLA remains a promising environmentally friendly alternative, provided that its use is limited to light-to-moderate loading conditions. This study provides a useful reference for selecting eyeglass frame materials by balancing mechanical performance and sustainability considerations.

Keywords: ABS, PLA, Eyeglass Frame, Finite Element Analysis, Flexural Test, ASTM D790