THE COMPATIBILITY OF INDONESIA’S JOB CREATION LAW NUMBER 11 OF 2020 WITH UNITED NATIONS GUIDING PRINCIPLES ON BUSINESS AND HUMAN RIGHTS
Abstract
Achieving economic growth is a main driving force for the Indonesian government to enact unprecedented laws, Law Number 11 0f 2020 on Job Creation, which amend, deregulate, and harmonize 80 laws with more than 1.200 articles at one go. The law comes with human rights and environmental costs. The degradation of human rights protection as a consequence of the Job Creation Law does not correspond with the UNGPs on Business and Human Rights which aim to address human rights problems in business sectors. This work seeks to examine to what extent Job Creation Law is compatible with UNGPs by identifying the impact of Job Creation Law on human rights in the palm oil supply chain. The study finds that the simplification of environmental permit in Job Creation Law indeed increase the potential of adverse human right impacts in upstream palm oil company by lowering the right to information and participation. Although some countries have adopted UNGPs into their domestic law with different measures to make businesses accountable, downstream companies keep buying palm oil products from suppliers who violate human rights. Thus, the proposal of establishing a legal-binding instrument and holding companies liable has been raised to make HRDD effective.
Mencapai pertumbuhan ekonomi adalah kekuatan pendorong utama bagi pemerintah Indonesia untuk memberlakukan undang-undang yang belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya, yaitu Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja, yang mengamandemen, meregulasi, dan mengharmonisasi 80 undang-undang dengan lebih dari 1.200 pasal sekaligus. Undang-undang tersebut juga membawa dampak terhadap hak asasi manusia dan lingkungan. Degradasi perlindungan hak asasi manusia sebagai konsekuensi dari UU Cipta Kerja tidak sesuai dengan UNGP tentang Bisnis dan Hak Asasi Manusia yang bertujuan untuk mengatasi masalah hak asasi manusia di sektor bisnis. Penelitian ini berusaha untuk memeriksa sejauh mana UU Cipta Kerja sesuai dengan UNGPs dengan mengidentifikasi dampak UU Cipta Kerja terhadap hak asasi manusia dalam rantai pasok kelapa sawit. Studi ini menemukan bahwa penyederhanaan izin lingkungan dalam UU Cipta Kerja memang meningkatkan potensi dampak buruk terhadap hak asasi manusia di perusahaan hulu kelapa sawit dengan menurunkan hak atas informasi dan partisipasi. Meskipun beberapa negara telah mengadopsi UNGP ke dalam hukum domestik mereka dengan berbagai langkah untuk membuat perusahaan bertanggung jawab, perusahaan hilir tetap saja membeli produk kelapa sawit dari pemasok yang melanggar hak asasi manusia. Oleh karena itu, usulan untuk membuat instrumen yang mengikat secara hukum dan meminta pertanggungjawaban perusahaan telah diajukan untuk membuat HRDD menjadi efektif.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/j.v14i1.21301
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