TOWARDS A RECOGNISED RIGHT TO A SHARED CULTURE AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL: How Will ASEAN Address Diversity?
Abstract
Dokumen-dokumen ASEAN mencatumkan iktikad untuk menjunjung tinggi prinsip persatuan dalam keberagaman dan menyepakati semangat satu identitas dan komunitas. Dalam kenyatannya, negara-negara anggota ASEAN justru bergelut dengan sejumlah persoalan antara negara yang satu dengan negara lainnya, termasuk mengenai ketegangan budaya. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemungkinan mengakui budaya bersama secara regional sebagai hak budaya kolektif yang diklaim bersama dengan mengambil contoh warisan budaya tak benda (WBTB). Artikel ini dirancang sebagai penelitian hukum yang menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, sejarah, konsep, dan perbandingan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan norma-norma dan prinsip-prinsip yang mengatur isu WBTB dan hak budaya serta melakukan studi literatur. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa hak budaya, yang mewakili persilangan antara aspek budaya dan hak asasi manusia (HAM), belum sepenuhnya dipahami sebagai hak budaya kolektif. WBTB menjadi contoh bagaimana negara-negara ASEAN terkadang berada dalam hubungan yang tidak harmonis antara satu dengan lainnya. Adapun kemungkinan untuk mengakui budaya bersama secara regional dalam konteks hak budaya kolektif dapat disandarkan pada pengembangan Narasi Identitas ASEAN, penyelenggaraan dialog HAM secara rutin, dan upaya pembentukan Daftar Warisan Budaya ASEAN. Temuan-temuan ini diharapkan dapat dipertimbangkan oleh para pengambil kebijakan di ASEAN.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abdulla, Mariam Rawan. “Culture, Religion, and Freedom of Religion or Belief.” The Review of Faith & International Affairs 16, No.4 (2018): 102–115. https://doi.org/10.1080/15570274.2018.1535033
Agreement on the Establishment of the ASEAN Cultural Fund.
Agreement on the Establishment of the ASEAN Cultural Fund 1978.
Ahdanisa, Dissa Syakina and Steven B. Rothman. "Revisiting International Human Rights Treaties: Comparing Asian and Western Efforts to Improve Human Rights.” SN Social Sciences 1 (2021): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43545-020-00018-0
AICHR, "Publications," https://aichr.org/publications/
Arnakim, Lili Yulyadi et.al. "Tourism in ASEAN: A Catalyst for Regional Integration." Journal of ASEAN Studies 11, No.1 (2023): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.21512/jas.v11i1.10506
Arundhati, Budi Arundhati, Muhammad Bahrul Ulum, and Gebrekiros Goytom Afera. "ASEAN Integration in the Context of Disaster Management." Lentera Hukum 9, No. 3 (December 2022): 459-492. https://doi.org/10.19184/ejlh.v9i3.30546
ASEAN Declaration on Cultural Heritage 2020. https://arc-agreement.asean.org/file/doc/2015/02/asean-declaration-on-cultural-heritage.pdf
ASEAN Indonesia. "Interesting Facts and Data about the ASEAN Region." https://asean2023.id/en/news/interesting-facts-and-data-about-the-asean-region
ASEAN. “ASEAN Political Security Community 2025.” https://www.asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/ASEAN-APSC-Blueprint-2025.pdf
ASEAN. "Cooperation in Culture & Information." https://www.asean.or.id/asc/r9697/asc96f3.htm
ASEAN. “ASEAN Committee on Culture and Information (COCI).” https://www.asean.or.id/function/coci1.htm
ASEAN, "ASEAN Leaders’ Declaration on the ASEAN Human Rights Dialogue," https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Leaders-Declaration-on-AHRD.pdf
ASEAN. "ASEAN and International Experts Discuss ASEAN Cultural Heritage List.” 16 August 2023. https://asean.org/asean-and-international-experts-discuss-asean-cultural-heritage-list/
ASEAN. “Human Rights,”https://asean.org/our-communities/asean-political-security-community/rules-based-people-oriented-people-centred/human-rights/
ASEAN. "Southeast Asia: Heartland of Our Times," https://www.asean.or.id/11834.htm
ASEAN. “ASEAN Political Security Community.” https://asean.org/our-communities/asean-political-security-community/
ASEAN. “Major Sectoral Bodies/Committees.” https://asean.org/our-communities/asean-socio-cultural-community/culture-and-information/major-sectoral-bodies-committees/
ASEAN. “Representatives of SOMCA and ASEAN CSOs Gathered to Discuss the Feasibility of the Envisaged ASEAN Cultural Heritage List Today.” 29 February 2024. https://asean.org/representatives-of-somca-and-asean-csos-gathered-to-discuss-the-feasibility-of-the-envisaged-asean-cultural-heritage-list-today/
ASEAN. “UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity”, the ASEAN 32-33 (2023): 29. https://asean.org/serial/culture-and-creativity-for-sustainable-development/
ASEAN. ASEAN Strategic Plan for Culture and Arts 2016-2025. Jakarta: ASEAN Secretariat, 2016. https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/ASEAN-Strategic-Plan-for-Culture-and-Arts-2016-2025.pdf
Ba, Claudia. “Invisible Superstructure of the Visible: Contested Notions of Authorized Order, or How to Render the Kankurang In_Visible.” On_Culture: The Open Journal for the Study of Culture 13 (2022): 1-43 https://doi.org/10.22029/oc.2022.1264
Bangun, Budi Hermawan Bangun. “ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights and Effectiveness of Fulfilling Human Rights Obligations of ASEAN Members States.” Jambe Law Journal 1, No.2 (2018): 231–249. https://doi.org/10.22437/jlj.1.2.231-249
Bentham, Jeremy. An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation-1781. Kitchener: Batoche Books , 2000. https://historyofeconomicthought.mcmaster.ca/bentham/morals.pdf
Britannica. "People of Southeast Asia." https://www.britannica.com/place/Southeast-Asia/People
Camara, Sidy. “The History of the Notion of the State in West Africa: from the Destruction of Empires to the Emergence of the Modern State resulting from Colonization (the Case of the Mali Empire).” RUDN Journal of World History 12, no.1 (2020): 28-34 http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2020-12-1-28-34
Case concerning the Temple of Preah Vihear (Cambodia v. Thailand), Merits, Judgment of 1.5 June 1962: I.C. J. Reports 1962, p. 6. https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/45/045-19620615-JUD-01-00-EN.pdf
Case concerning the Temple of Preah Vihear (Cambodia v. Thailand), Merits, Judgment of 1.5 June 1962: I.C. J. Reports 1962, p. 6. Separate Opinion of Sir Gerald Fitzmaurice. https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/45/045-19620615-JUD-01-03-EN.pdf
Chainoglou, Kalliopi. “The Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Armed Conflict: Dissolving the Boundaries Between the Existing Legal Regimes?.” Santander Art and Culture Law Review 2, No. 3 (2017): 109-134 https://doi.org/10.4467/2450050XSNR.17.025.8426
Chairman’s Statement of the 43rd ASEAN Summit Jakarta, Indonesia, 5 September 2023.
Charter of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN Charter)
Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights E/C.12/GC/21 (2009), General comment No. 21 Right of Everyone to Take Part in Cultural Life (art. 15, para. 1 (a), of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights), paras 16(a) and 70. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/679354?ln=en
Declaration on ASEAN Unity in Cultural Diversity: Towards Strengthening ASEAN Community.
Dira T. Fabrian. “Could the ASEAN Community Bring about a Southeast Asian Identity?.” Yale Journal of International Affairs 28 December 2016. https://www.yalejournal.org/publications/could-the-asean-community-bring-about-a-southeast-asian-identity
Donders, Yvonne. “Foundations of Collective Cultural Rights in International Human Rights Law.” In Cultural Rights as Collective Rights: An International Law Perspective, edited by Andrzej Jakubowski, 87-112. Leiden: Brill Nijhoff, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004312029_006
Dothan, Shai. "The Three Traditional Approaches to Treaty Interpretation: A Current Application to the European Court of Human Rights." Fordham International Law Journal 42, No.3 (2019): 765-794. https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/ilj/vol42/iss3/2
ECOWAS Protocol A/P1/7/87 on Cultural Framework Agreement for the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), https://archive.gazettes.africa/archive/ecowas/1987/ecowas-official-journal-dated-1987-07-01-vol-11.pdf
ECOWAS. ECOWAS Vision 2050 “ECOWAS of the Peoples: Peace and Prosperity for All.” https://www.ecowas.int/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Vision-2050-EN.pdf
Emmanuel, Awosusi Oladotun and Muhammed Lenn. “An Analysis of Latent Factors Influencing Gambia-Senegal Relations beyond Colonial Dichotomy.” International Affairs and Global Strategy 75 (2019): 59-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7176/IAGS/75-05
Five Year Work Plan of the AICHR 2021-2025
Green, Toby. "Identities in ‘Greater Senegambia’ and Beyond: History and Music in Dialogue." British Academy Review 27 (2016): 57-61. https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/publications/british-academy-review-issue-27-february-2016/
Hadiprayitno, Irene. "Deadlock and Denial: Domestic Challenges and the Institutionalization Human Rights in ASEAN." Global Jurist 19, No.1 (2018): 1-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gj-2018-0001
Hajura, Shella. "Shared Heritage Diplomacy of Indonesia and Malaysia as Soft Power in The Southeast Asia Region." Jurnal Hubungan Internasional 10, No. 2 (January 2022): 84-95. https://doi.org/10.18196/jhi.v10i2.12194
Henley, David. “Southeast Asian studies and the reality of Southeast Asia.” Suvannabhumi: Multi-Disciplinary Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 12, No.2 (2020): 19-52, https://doi.org/10.22801/svn.2020.12.2.19
House of Lords, “Scrutiny of International Agreements: UNESCO Convention on Intangible Cultural Heritage.” International Agreements Committee 5th Report of Session 2023–24, 21 February 2024. https://committees.parliament.uk/publications/43438/documents/216057/default/
Hsu, Jimmy Chia-Shin. “Human Dignity, Human Rights, and Cultural Change in Asia.” In Human Dignity in Asia: Dialogue between Law and Culture, edited by Jimmy Chia-Shin Hsu, 1-20. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108886598.002
Joint Communiqué of the 53rd ASEAN Foreign Ministers’ Meeting 9 September 2020. https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/12.-FINAL-Joint-Communique-of-the-53rd-AMM.pdf
Kien, Le Trung. ASEAN Community: A Vietnamese Perspective. Phnom Penh: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. Foundation Office Cambodia, 2021. https://www.kas.de/en/web/kambodscha/single-title/-/content/asean-community-a-vietnamese-perspective#
Kurin, Richard. “U.S. Consideration of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Convention.” Ethnologies 36, No. 1-2 (2014): 325-358. https://doi.org/10.7202/1037612ar
Lowthorp, Leah. National Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) Legislation & Initiatives A Case Study of Fourteen Countries. UNESCO-New Delhi Field Office, 2010.
Mbaku, John M. Protecting Minority Rights in African Countries: A Constitutional Political Economy Approach. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2018.
Muntarbhorn, Vitit. Development of The ASEAN Human Rights Mechanism, Briefing Paper (Brussel: Directorate-General for External Policies of the Union, the European Union, 2012), 6. https://doi.org/10.2861/49347
Nandyatama, Randy Wirasta. “Conclusion: Te Future of Human Rights in ASEAN,”in The Evolution of The ASEAN Human Rights Mechanism: Institutional and Thematic Issues Within, edited by Randy Wirasta Nandyatama, Dio Herdiawan Tobing, and Shah Suraj Bharat, 232-246. Yogyakarta: ASEAN Studies Center Faculty of Social And Political Sciences Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2019.
Netipatalachoochote, Stanati, Aurelia Colombi Ciacchi, and Ronald Holzhacker. “Human Rights Norm Diffusion in Southeast Asia: Roles of Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) in Ending Extrajudicial Killings in the Philippines.” Journal of Southeast Asian Human Rights 2, No. 1 (June 2018): 248-285. https://doi.org/10.19184/jseahr.v1i2.6135
Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. "The Core International Human Rights Instruments and their Monitoring Bodies." https://www.ohchr.org/en/core-international-human-rights-instruments-and-their-monitoring-bodies
Oguamanam, Chidi. “A Critical Examination of the African Legal Framework for Indigenous Knowledge.” Journal of African Law 67, No. 1 (2023): 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021855323000049
Olawuyi, Damilola S. “The Conservation of Nature and Cultural Heritage,” in Environmental Law in Arab States (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2022): 245-274. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192896186.003.0010
Perez-Alvaro, Elena. ”Indigenous Rights and Underwater Cultural Heritage: (De)constructing International Conventions.” Maritime Studies 22 (2023): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-023-00320-6
Purwanto, Wachid and Yosi Wulandari. "Da’wah Message of Religous Pantun in Malay Pantun Published by Balai Pustaka." Komposisi: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa, Sastra, dan Seni 24, No. 2 (December 2023): 151-169. https://doi.org/10.24036/komposisi.v24i2.125388
Rachminawati. "ASEAN Human Rights Declaration: A New Form of Universalism." Indonesian Journal of International Law 11, No. 3 (2014): 396-413. https://doi.org/10.17304/ijil.vol11.3.504
Rachminawati. "Is the AICHR an Unwanted Human Rights Body in the ASEAN? The Answer from the International Organizational Law Perspective." Padjadjaran Journal of International Law 6, No.1 (August 2022): 43-59. https://doi.org/10.23920/pjil.v6i1.814
Reingex. “ASEAN Religious Diversity. Strength or Threat?.” https://en.reingex.com/ASEAN-Religion.shtml
Reporting ASEAN. "Critics Slam Adoption of ‘Flawed’ ASEAN Rights Declaration," https://www.reportingasean.net/critics-slam-adoption-of-flawed-asean-rights-declaration/
Saiin, Asrizal et al. “The Property Rights Regulation, Semenda Marriage, and Exploring the Determinants in ASEAN Countries.” Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System 3, No. 2 (July 2023): 134-159. https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v3i2.68
Sagart, Laurent. “Language Families of Southeast Asia.” In The Oxford Handbook of Early Southeast Asia, edited by Charles F.W. Higham and Nam C. Kim. New York: Oxford University Press, 2022, 321-338. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199355358.013.7
Salain, Made Suksma Prijandhini Devi, David Isles, and I Gusti Ngurah Wairocana. “Regulating Indigenous Culture as a Tourism Economic Resource.” Udayana Journal of Law and Culture 1, No. 2 (2017): 121-140. https://doi.org/10.24843/UJLC.2017.v01.i02.p03
Sangadji, Rayyanul M.“Indonesian Role on Human Rights Cooperation in ASEAN”, Interview by I Made Budi Arsika and I Nyoman Suyatna Directorate for ASEAN Political Security Cooperation, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, 17 October 2023.
Santos, Arvhie. “ASEAN’s Human Rights Promises and Pitfalls: is the ASEAN Effective in Advancing its Human Rights Agenda?.” 23 November 2022, https://asc.fisipol.ugm.ac.id/2022/11/23/6129/
Sarwar, Mariam. “Human Rights the "ASEAN Way": Exploring the Possibilities for a Regional ADR and Adjudicative Body in Southeast Asia.” Loyola Of Los Angeles Law Review 52, No.1 (2018): 27-62 https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3048&context=llr
Setiawan, Agus. "Perlindungan Hukum Dalam Lingkup Pengetahuan Tradisional dan Ekspresi Budaya Tradisional atas Soto Sebagai Indikasi Geografis dan Makanan Khas Nusantara." Dharmasisya Jurnal Program Magister Hukum FHUI 2, No. 1 (March 2022): 227-240 https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/dharmasisya/vol2/iss1/18
Setyowati, Herning and Alma Nurulita. “The Role of ASEAN in Dispute Resolution Between Thailand and Cambodia.” International Law Discourse in Southeast Asia 2, No. 1 (2023): 149-170. https://doi.org/10.15294/ildisea.v2i1.66152
Simuziy, Nsama Jonathan. “Universal Human Rights vs Cultural & Religious Variations: An African Perspective.” Cogent Arts & Humanities 8, no.1 (2021): 1-15 https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2021.1988385
Skounti, Ahmed. "The Intangible Cultural Heritage System: Many Challenges, Few Proposals." Santander Art and Culture Law Review 2, No.3 (2017): 61-76 https://doi.org/10.4467/2450050XSNR.17.022.8423
Staats NZ. “Māori Population Estimates: At 30 June 2023.” https://www.stats.govt.nz/information-releases/maori-population-estimates-at-30-june-2023/#:~:text=At%2030%20June%202023%3A,percent%20of%20the%20national%20population)
Sundrijo, Dwi Ardhanariswari. Regionalizing Global Human Rights Norms in Southeast Asia. Cham, Palgrave Macmillan, 2021.
Tan, Noel Hidalgo. "Envisioning the ASEAN Cultural Heritage List," the ASEAN 32-33 (2023): 1-66. https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/The-ASEAN-Issue-32-33-Culture-and-Creativity-for-Sustainable-Development.pdf
Taormina, Robert J. and Christopher Selvarajah. “Perceptions of Leadership Excellence in ASEAN Nations.” Leadership 1, No.3 (2005): 299-322. https://doi.org/10.1177/1742715005054439
Tarantino, Piero. “An Alternative View of the European Idea of the Common Good: Bentham’s Mathematical Model of Utility.” Revue d’études benthamiennes 18 (2020): 1-23. https://doi.org/10.4000/etudes-benthamiennes.8227
Team of Culture, Ministry of Education and Culture. “50th Golden Anniversary ASEAN Committee on Culture and Information, Secretariate of Directorate General of Culture Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia, 2015.” https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/29724/1/GOLDEN%20ANNIVERSARY%2050%20TH%20ASEAN%20COMMITTEE%20ON%20CULTURE%20%26%20INFORMATION.PDF
The Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization. “About Us, In Brief.” https://www.alecso.org/nsite/en/component/content/article/814-who-are-we-v2?catid=63&Itemid=220
The Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization. “World Cultural Heritage in the Arab Countries.” Statistical Bulletin, No.3 (2021) 1-27. https://observatory.alecso.org/Data/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/nashra3eng.pdf
The ASEAN Declaration (Bangkok Declaration), 8 Agustus 1967. https://agreement.asean.org/media/download/20140117154159.pdf
The ASEAN Strategic Plan on Culture and Arts 2016-2025
The Decision of Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage No: 15.COM/8.B.30 of 2020 concerning the Inscription of Pantun on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. https://ich.unesco.org/en/decisions/15.COM/8.B.30
The United Nations Treaty Collection, “Glossary of Terms relating to Treaty Actions,” https://treaties.un.org/Pages/Overview.aspx?path=overview/glossary/page1_en.xml
The Ministry of Culture of the State of Qatar, "The Ministry of Culture Celebrates the World Heritage Day," https://www.moc.gov.qa/en/the-ministry-of-culture-celebrates-the-world-heritage-day/
The Vientiane Declaration on Reinforcing Cultural Heritage Cooperation in ASEAN (2016).
Thio, Li-ann. ‘Implementing Human Rights in ASEAN Countries: “Promises to Keep and Miles to Go before I sleep.” Yale Human Rights and Development Journal 2, No.1 (1999): 1-86 https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/yhrdlj/vol2/iss1/1?utm_source=digitalcommons.law.yale.edu%2Fyhrdlj%2Fvol2%2Fiss1%2F1&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages
Ugochukwu, Basil. “First, Put Out the House Fire”: The Future of the African Human Rights System.” Wisconsin International Law Journal 35, no. 2 (2018): 367-397. https://wilj.law.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/1270/2018/10/Ugochukwu_Final.pdf
UNESCO. “Arabic Calligraphy: Knowledge, Skills and Practices.” https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/arabic-calligraphy-knowledge-skills-and-practices-01718
UNESCO. “Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (States Parties),” https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/convention-safeguarding-intangible-cultural-heritage#item-2
UNESCO. “Al Sadu, traditional weaving skills in the United Arab Emirates,” https://ich.unesco.org/en/USL/al-sadu-traditional-weaving-skills-in-the-united-arab-emirates-00517#:~:text=Al%20Sadu%20is%20a%20traditional,and%20prepared%20by%20the%20women.
UNESCO. “Camel Racing, a Social Practice and a Festive Heritage Associated with Camels,” https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/camel-racing-a-social-practice-and-a-festive-heritage-associated-with-camels-01576
UNESCO. “Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (States Parties).” https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/convention-safeguarding-intangible-cultural-heritage#item-2
UNESCO. “Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (Declaration and Reservations).” https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/convention-safeguarding-intangible-cultural-heritage#item-2
UNESCO Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000127162
UNESCO. “Kankurang, Manding Initiatory Rite,” Accessed 22 May 2024, https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/kankurang-manding-initiatory-rite-00143
UNESCO. “Kebaya: Knowledge, Skills, Traditions and Practices Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore Representative List 2024.” https://ich.unesco.org/en/files-2024-under-process-01303?include=slideshow_inc.php&id=02090&width=620&call=slideshow&mode=scroll#https://ich.unesco.org/img/photo/thumb/17404-HUG.jpg
UNESCO. “Pantun”. https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/pantun-01613
UNESCO. “Strengthening the Capacities of States Parties for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Western Africa (Sahel),” Accessed 22 May 2024, https://ich.unesco.org/en/projects/strengthening-the-capacities-of-states-parties-for-the-safeguarding-of-intangible-cultural-heritage-in-western-africa-sahel-00447
UNESCO. “Traditional weaving of Al Sadu,” https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/traditional-weaving-of-al-sadu-01586#:~:text=Traditional%20weaving%20of%20Al%20Sadu%20refers%20to%20the%20traditional%20woven,made%20on%20a%20ground%20loom
UNESCO. “Tugging Rituals and Games.” https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/tugging-rituals-and-games-01080United Nations Human Rights Council, Report of the Special Rapporteur in the Field of Cultural Rights A/HRC/40/53, 17 January 2019. https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/thematic-reports/ahrc4053-cultural-rights-tenth-anniversary-report-report-special
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 1969
Wahyuningrum, Yuyun. “A Decade of Institutionalizing Human Rights in ASEAN: Progress and Challenges.” Journal of Human Rights 20, No.2 (2021): 158-175. https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2021.1875811
Wahyuningrum, Yuyun. ”ASEAN Cultural Rights”, Interview by I Made Budi Arsika and I Nyoman Suyatna, Zoom Meeting, 18 October 2023.
Wattimena, Vinsky Garcia. “Indonesian Role on Human Rights Cooperation in ASEAN”, Interview by I Made Budi Arsika and I Nyoman Suyatna Directorate for ASEAN Political Security Cooperation, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, 17 October 2023.
Wicaksono, Raden Mas Try Ananto. “Reviewing Legal Justice, Certainty, and Legal Expediency in Government Regulation Number 24 of 2018 Concerning Electronically Integrated Business Services”. Lex Scientia Law Review 5, no. 1 (2021): 1-24. https://doi.org/10.15294/lesrev.v5i1.44905
Wijayanti, Monica Ari et.al, “ASEAN Cultural Cooperation,” Directorate for ASEAN Socio Cultural Cooperation, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, 17 October 2023.
Yupsanis, Athanasios. “The Concept and Categories of Cultural Rights in International Law - Their
Broad Sense and the Relevant Clauses of the International Human Rights Treaties Name.” Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce 37, No.2 (2010): 207-266.
Yusuf, Imtiyaz. “Managing Religious and Ethnic Diversity for Peace and Harmony: Islam and Buddhism in the Malay World of South East Asia.” Journal of Malay Islamic Studies 1, No. 2 (December 2017): 129-140, https://doi.org/10.19109/jmis.v1i2.3835129
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/j.v15i1.27149
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Published By:
Jurusan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah
Fakultas Syariah
Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
Jl. Gajayana No. 50, 65144 Malang, East Java, Indonesia
Telp./Fax.: (0341) 559399
Email: jurisdictie@uin-malang.ac.id
Abstacting & Indexing :
Jurisdictie: Jurnal Hukum dan Syariah is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.