PLANNED OBSOLESCENCE AND THE REGULATORY LOOPHOLE IN INDONESIA: A Preventive Framework Based on Sadd Al-Żarī'ah

Dimas Adi Prasetiyo, Saifuddin Saifuddin, Erland Ferdinansyah, Enika Maya Oktavia

Abstract


Planned obsolescence has emerged as a global business strategy that causes multidimensional harms to consumers and the environment by intentionally or systematically shortening product lifespans. Despite its growing significance, this practice has not received an adequate regulatory response within the Indonesian legal system. This study analyses the regulatory loophole concerning planned obsolescence in Indonesia and proposes a preventive regulatory model based on the doctrine of sadd al-żarī’ah, thereby providing a legal framework that is proportionate, equitable, and responsive to the objectives of consumer protection and environmental sustainability. This research employs a doctrinal legal methodology using statutory, comparative, and conceptual approaches. Primary and secondary legal materials were analysed through qualitative-prescriptive methods, revealing that existing consumer protection, environmental, and product-related regulations in Indonesia do not explicitly recognise or regulate planned obsolescence, resulting in limited legal certainty and inadequate protection against the economic and environmental harms associated with such practices. The study further demonstrates that sadd al-żarī’ah offers a persuasive normative foundation for preventive regulation by emphasising the harmful consequences and risk characteristics of a practice rather than relying solely on proof of intent. This approach supports the development of risk-based and precautionary regulatory measures that balance consumer protection, environmental sustainability, business innovation, and legal certainty. More broadly, the study contributes to global discussions on sustainable consumption and preventive regulation by demonstrating how Islamic legal principles can inform contemporary responses to emerging market risks.

Praktik planned obsolescence telah berkembang menjadi strategi bisnis global yang menimbulkan kerugian multidimensional bagi konsumen dan lingkungan hidup melalui pemendekan usia pakai produk secara sengaja maupun sistematis. Meskipun dampaknya semakin signifikan, praktik ini belum memperoleh respons regulasi yang memadai dalam sistem hukum Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kekosongan pengaturan mengenai planned obsolescence dalam sistem hukum Indonesia serta merumuskan model regulasi preventif berbasis sadd al-żarī’ah yang mampu menghadirkan kerangka hukum yang proporsional, berkeadilan, dan responsif terhadap tujuan perlindungan konsumen serta keberlanjutan lingkungan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum doktrinal dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, perbandingan, dan konseptual. Bahan hukum primer dan sekunder dianalisis menggunakan metode kualitatif-preskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peraturan perundang-undangan yang berkaitan dengan perlindungan konsumen, lingkungan hidup, dan produk di Indonesia belum secara eksplisit mengakui maupun mengatur praktik planned obsolescence, sehingga menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum serta belum memberikan perlindungan yang memadai terhadap kerugian ekonomi dan lingkungan yang ditimbulkannya. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa metode sadd al-żarī’ah menyediakan landasan normatif yang kuat bagi pembentukan regulasi preventif dengan menitikberatkan pada potensi bahaya dan karakteristik risiko suatu praktik, tanpa bergantung sepenuhnya pada pembuktian unsur kesengajaan pelaku usaha. Pendekatan tersebut sejalan dengan konsep regulasi berbasis risiko dan prinsip kehati-hatian, sehingga mendukung perumusan kebijakan yang menyeimbangkan perlindungan konsumen, keberlanjutan lingkungan, inovasi usaha, dan kepastian hukum. Secara lebih luas, penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan diskursus global mengenai konsumsi berkelanjutan dan regulasi preventif dengan menunjukkan relevansi prinsip hukum Islam dalam merespons risiko-risiko baru di pasar modern.

Keywords


Regulatory Vacuum; Planned Obsolescence; Consumer Protection; Environmental Sustainability; Sadd al-Żarī'ah

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/j.v17i1.41330

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