Implementation of the Minority Fiqh Concept for the Papuan Muslim Community/Implementasi Konsep Fikih Minoritas Bagi Komunitas Muslim Papua

Abstract

Abstract:

The discussion about fiqh minority is the new matter in the Islamic world. This idea blowed up after many imigran were came to many countries in European and American territory. In the term of Arabic, fiqh minority was called fiqh al-aqalliyyat. This article aims at describing the substansion and fatwa product of fiqh minority and it relevansion with Papua Muslims. The study used the qualitative method with the normative dan sociological approach. The technical of collecting data by searching library literature, observation and interviews. The results reveal that fiqh minority is the law islamic that implemented by minorities of muslim who live in majority non muslim areas. Fiqh minority is fiqh taysir because it is attenting the muslim difficult condition. The implementation of fiqh minority that related on muslim Papua are related to the impurity of dog fur, saying Merry Christmas, and marrying women of the Ahl al-Kitāb such as Jews and Christians, and participation of political vote.

Keywords: Fiqh Of Moslem Minority, The Minority of Papua Moslem

Abstrak:

Kajian fikih minoritas merupakan hal baru di dunia Islam. Gagasan ini muncul setelah banyak imigran muslim berdatangan ke berbagai negara di benua Eropa dan Amerika. Dalam bahasa Arab, term fikih minoritas dikenal dengan istilah fiqh al-aqalliyyat. Penelitian  ini  bertujuan menganalisis substansi dan produk fatwa fikih  minoritas  serta menjelaskan relevansinya terhadap minoritas musim Papua. Jenis penelitian bersifat deskriptif kualitatif. Pendekatan penelitian normatif (syar‘i), dan sosiologis. Metode pengumpulan data dengan dokumentasi, yaitu penelusuran literatur kitab klasik dan kontemporer serta observasi dan wawancara lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, fikih minoritas adalah hukum Islam yang berkaitan dengan solusi terhadap problematika muslim minoritas yang berada di tengah mayoritas non muslim. Fikih minoritas adalah fikih taysir, karena menjaga prinsip kemudahan dalam fatwa. Praktik  fikih minoritas yang relevan dan bisa diterapkan oleh muslim Papua, adalah hukum kenajisan anjing dan babi, kebolehan mengucapkan selamat natal, dan menikahi wanita Ahlul –Kitāb, yaitu penganut agama Kristen serta memilih pemimpin non muslim.

 Kata kunci: Fikih Minoritas- Minoritas Muslim Papua