Penerapan Prinsip Aut Dedere Aut Judicare Terhadap Pelaku Cybercrime Lintas Negara Melalui Ratifikasi Budapest Convention

Ermanto Fahamsyah, Vicko Taniady, Kania Venisa Rachim, Novi Wahyu Riwayanti

Abstract


Abstract:

The presence of cybercrime in Indonesia is challenging to handle, especially for cybercrime actors who come from across countries. This study aims to examine the problem of taking global cybercriminals and examine solutions to applying the Aut Dedere Aut Judicare principle through the ratification of the Budapest Convention. The research method used in this study is normative legal research with a regulatory approach, cases, and comparative analysis. The study results indicate that Indonesia does not yet have a special regulation regulating cybercrimes; however, two rules cover cybercrimes offences, namely, the Criminal Code and the ITE Law. However, these two regulations can still not deal with transnational cybercriminals specifically for fun issues. Therefore, applying the Aut Dedere Aut Judicare principle through the Budapest Convention ratification becomes urgent for implementation. The Aut Dedere Aut Judicare principle states that every country will understand with other countries to arrest, prosecute and prosecute perpetrators of international crimes. So it is necessary to ratify the Budapest Convention as a legal basis to apply the Aut Dedere Aut Judicare principle.

Keywords: Aut Dedere Aut Judicare; Budapest Convention; Cybercrime Perpetrators; Cross Country.

 

Abstrak:

Kehadiran cybercrime di Indonesia sangat sulit ditangani terkhusus bagi pelaku cybercrime yang berasal dari lintas negara. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji problematika penanganan bagi pelaku cybercrime lintas negara, serta mengkaji solusi penerapan prinsip Aut Dedere Aut Judicare melalui upaya ratifikasi Budapest Convention. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah dalam penelitian ini, penelitian hukum normatif, dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan, kasus, serta analisis komparatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia hingga saat ini belum memiliki pengaturan khusus yang mengatur cybercrime, namun demikian terdapat dua peraturan yang mencakup delik cybercrime yakni, KUHP dan UU ITE. Namun demikian, dua peraturan tersebut masih belum bisa menangani para pelaku cybercrime lintas negara terkhusus permasalahan yurisdiksi. Oleh karena itu, penerapan prinsip Aut Dedere Aut Judicare melalui ratifikasi Budapest Convention menjadi urgensi yang harus dilakukan. Prinsip Aut Dedere Aut Judicare menyatakan setiap negara akan bekerjasama bersama negara lain untuk menangkap, menuntut, dan mengadili para pelaku kejahatan internasional. Sehingga perlu upaya ratifikasi Budapest Convention sebagai dasar hukum untuk menerapkan prinsip Aut Dedere Aut Judicare.

Kata Kunci: Aut Dedere Aut Judicare; Budapest Convention; Pelaku Cybercrime; Lintas Negara.


References


ABC News. “Australian Arrested in Georgia after International Child-Trafficking Ring Bust,” 2019. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-09-20/australian-arrested-in-georgia-after-child-trafficking-ring-bust/11531194.

Amirulloh, Muhamad. “Arti Penting Ratifikasi European Union Convention on Cybercrime 2001 Bagi Indonesia.” Universitas Padjajaran, 2008.

Amirulloh, Muhammad, Ida Padmanegara, dan Tyas Dian Anggraeni. Kajian EU Convention on Cybercrime Dikaitkan Dengan Upaya Regulasi Tindak Pidana Teknologi Informasi. Jakarta: Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional Kementrian Hukum dan HAM RI, 2009.

Arief, Barda Nawawi. Tindak Pidana Mayantara Perkembangan Kajian Cyber Crime di Indonesia. Jakarta: PT RajaGrafindo Persada, 2006.

Aries, Albert. “Jangkauan Yurisdiksi UU ITE Menjerat Pelaku Cracking Server Milik Asing.” hukumonline.com, 2018. https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/jangkauan-yurisdiksi-uu-ite-menjerat-pelaku-icracking-server-i-milik-asing-lt517d0337ad845.

Azzam, Farouq Ahmad Faleh Al. “The Adequacy of the International Cooperation Means for Combating Cybercrime and Ways to Modernize It.” JANUS.NET 10, no. 1 (2019): 67–83.

Bassiouni, M. Cherif, dan Edward M. Wise. Aut Dedere Aut Judicare: The Duty to Extradite or Prosecute in International Law. London: Martinus Nijhoff, 1995.

Brouma, Penny. “Aut Dedere Aut Judicare: To Extradite or to Prosecute? That Is the Question.” the SAFIA Blog (blog), 2021. https://thesafiablog.com/2021/05/06/aut-dedere-aut-judicare-to-extradite-or-to-prosecute-that-is-the-question/.

Bunga, Dewi. “Politik Hukum Pidana Terhadap Penanggulangan Cybercrime.” Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia 16, no. 1 (22 April 2019): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.54629/jli.v16i1.456.

Caligiuri, Andrea. “Governing International Cooperation in Criminal Matters: The Role of the Aut Dedere Aut Judicare Principle.” International Criminal Law Review 18, no. 2 (2018): 244–74. https://doi.org/10.1163/15718123-01802005.

Christianingrum, Ratna, dan Ade Nurul Aida. Tantangan Penguatan Keamanan Siber dalam Menjaga Stabilitas Keamanan. Jakarta: Pusat Kajian Anggaran Badan Keahlian-Sektretariat Jenderal Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia, 2021.

Cross, Michael. Scene of Cybercrime Second Edition. Burlington: Syngress, 2008.

Cybercrime Convention Committee. The Budapest Convention on Cybercrime: benefits and impact in practice. France: Council of Europe, 2020.

Europol. “Goznym Malware: Cybercriminal Network Dismantled In International Operation,” 2019. https://www.europol.europa.eu/media-press/newsroom/news/goznym-malware-cybercriminal-network-dismantled-in-international-operation.

Firdaus, Firdaus. “Kedudukan Hukum Internasional Dalam Sistem Perundang-Undang Nasional Indonesia.” Fiat Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 8, no. 1 (2014): 36–52. https://doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v8no1.285.

Fitra, T. Mhd Aulia. “Tinjauan Hukum Internasional Atas Perbuatan Hacking dan Cracking Sebagai Bentuk Dari Kejahatan Cybercrime.” Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2018. https://repositori.usu.ac.id/handle/123456789/5434.

Galih, Yuliana Surya. “Yurisdiksi Hukum Pidana Dalam Dunia Maya.” Jurnal Ilmiah Galuh Justisi 7, no. 1 (2019): 59–74. https://doi.org/10.25157/jigj.v7i1.2138.

Gani, Hamsu Abdul, dan Andika Wahyudi Gani. “Penyelesaian Kasus Kejahatan Internet (Cybercrime) dalam Perspektif UU ITE No.11 Tahun 2008 dan UU No.19 Tahun 2016.” Prosiding Seminar Nasional LP2M UNM, 2019. https://ojs.unm.ac.id/semnaslemlit/article/view/11257.

Gould, Harry D. “The Principle of Universal Jurisdiction.” Dalam The Legacy of Punishment in International Law, 81–108. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230113077_5.

Handoko, Cahyo. “Kedudukan Alat Bukti Digital Dalam Pembuktian Cybercrime di Pengadilan.” Jurnal Jurisprudence 6, no. 1 (2017): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.23917/jurisprudence.v6i1.2992.

Hiariej, Eddy O. S. Pengantar Hukum Pidana Internasional. Pertama. Jakarta: Erlangga, 2009.

Irham, Apripari. “Penegakkan Yurisdiksi International Criminal Court Atas Kejahatan Agresi Pasca Kampala Amendments Diadopsi Dalam Rome Statute.” SASI 26, no. 4 (2020): 540–56. https://doi.org/10.47268/sasi.v26i4.272.

Iskandar. “Kilas Balik Perang Hacker Indonesia vs Australia.” liputan6.com, 2014. https://www.liputan6.com/tekno/read/826144/kilas-balik-perang-hacker-indonesia-vs-australia.

Jati, Anggoro Suryo. “Mengenal Naikon, Grup Hacker China yang Serang Indonesia.” Detik.com, 2020. https://inet.detik.com/security/d-5034437/mengenal-naikon-grup-hacker-china-yang-serang-indonesia.

Jhon, Ranty Mahardika. “Existence of Criminal Law on Dealing Cybercrime in Indonesia.” IJCLS (Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies) 3, no. 1 (31 Mei 2018): 25–34. https://doi.org/10.15294/ijcls.v3i1.16945.

Johnson, David R., dan David Post. “Law and Borders: The Rise of Law in Cyberspace.” Stanford Law Review 48, no. 5 (1996): 1367–1402. https://doi.org/10.2307/1229390.

Kartiko, Galuh. “Pengaturan Terhadap Yurisdiksi Cyber Crime Ditinjau dari Hukum Internasional.” Rechtidee 8, no. 2 (2013): 136–53. https://doi.org/10.21107/ri.v8i2.695.

Kusnandar, Viva Budy. “Pengguna Internet Indonesia Peringkat ke-3 Terbanyak di Asia | Databoks.” Katadata.co.id, 2021. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2021/10/14/pengguna-internet-indonesia-peringkat-ke-3-terbanyak-di-asia.

Laksana, Andri Winjaya. “Cybercrime Comparsion Under Criminal Law in Some Countries.” Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum 5, no. 2 (14 Agustus 2018): 217–26. https://doi.org/10.26532/jph.v5i2.3008.

———. “Pemidanaan Cybercrime Dalam Perspektif Hukum Pidana Positif.” Jurnal Hukum 35, no. 1 (2019): 52–76. https://doi.org/10.26532/jh.v35i1.11044.

Mahayanti, Made Julia, dan I. Dewa Gede Dana Sugama. “Tindak Pidana Cyberpornography Yang Melibatkan Anak Di Bawah Umur.”

Kertha Wicara : Journal Ilmu Hukum 10, no. 8 (15 Juli 2021): 586–98. https://doi.org/10.24843/KW.2021.v10.i08.p02.

Marwin, Marwin. “Penanggulangan Cyber Crime Melalui Penal Policy.” ASAS 5, no. 1 (2013): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.24042/asas.v5i1.1693.

Maskun, Maskun, Alma Manuputty, S. M. Noor, dan Juajir Sumardi. “Kedudukan Hukum Cyber Crime Dalam Perkembangan Hukum Internasional Kontemporer.” Masalah-Masalah Hukum 42, no. 4 (2013): 511–19.

Mathilda, Fiorida. “Cyber Crime Dalam Sistem Hukum Indonesia.” Sigma-Mu 4, no. 2 (2012): 34–45. https://doi.org/10.35313/sigmamu.v4i2.870.

Melani, Melani, Hari Disemadi, dan Nyoman Jaya. “Kebijakan Hukum Pidana Dibidang Transaksi Elektronik Sebagai Tindak Pidana Non-Konvensional.” Pandecta Research Law Journal 15, no. 1 (18 Juni 2020): 111–20. https://doi.org/10.15294/pandecta.v15i1.19469.

Miharja, Muhammad Najamuddin Dwi, dan Ahmad Fauzi. “Peningkatan Keamanan Login Pada Content Management System (CMS) Wordpress Dengan Implementasi Notifikasi Login Dengan

Whatsapp Gateway.” Jurnal SIGMA 12, no. 4 (2021): 41–44.

Mittal, Sandeep, dan Prof Priyanka Sharma. “A Review of International Legal Framework to Combat Cybercrime.” International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science 8, no. 5 (2017): 1372–74. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2978744.

Mustaqimah, Lailatul. “Penerapan Asas Nasionalitas Pasif Terhadap Tindak Pidana Teknologi Informasi.” Badamai Law Journal 1, no. 2 (26 September 2016): 322–42. https://doi.org/10.32801/damai.v1i2.1826.

Octora, Rahel. “Penerapan Asas Nasionalitas Pasif Dan Pemidanaan Pembantu Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang Dalam Rkuhp.” Kertha Patrika 40, no. 3 (2018): 155–74. https://doi.org/10.24843/KP.2018.v40.i03.p03.

Putra, Akbar Kurnia. “Harmonisasi Konvensi Cyber Crime Dalam Hukum Nasional.” Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Jambi 5, no. 2 (2014): 95–109.

Putri, Novalinda Nadya. “Penerapan Prinsip Aut Dedere Aut Judicare Dalam Penegakan Hukum Pidana Internasional.” DE LEGA LATA: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 6, no. 1 (7 Januari 2021): 139–67. https://doi.org/10.30596/delegalata.v6i1.5537.

Rachmadie, Donovan Typhano, dan ’ Supanto. “Regulasi Penyimpangan Artificial Intelligence Pada Tindak Pidana Malware Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 1 Tahun 2016.” Jurnal Hukum Pidana Dan Penanggulangan Kejahatan 9, no. 2 (2 Mei 2020): 128–56.

Rauf, Abdul, dan Hardi. “Implementasi Kebijakan Hukum Pidana Dalam Penanggulangan Kejahatan Di Bidang Komputer.” SISITI : Seminar Ilmiah Sistem Informasi dan Teknologi Informasi 5, no. 1 (2016): 75–86.

Rizal, Muhamad, dan Yanyan Yani. “Cybersecurity Policy and Its Implementation in Indonesia.” JAS (Journal of ASEAN Studies) 4, no. 1 (2016): 61–78. https://doi.org/10.21512/jas.v4i1.967.

Rumlus, Muhamad Hasan, dan Hanif Hartadi. “Kebijakan Penanggulangan Pencurian Data Pribadi dalam Media Elektronik.” Jurnal HAM 11, no. 2 (2020): 285–99. https://doi.org/10.30641/ham.2020.11.285-299.

Sabillon, Regner, Jeimy Cano, Víctor Reyes, dan Jordi Serra Ruiz. “Cybercrime and Cybercriminals: A Comprehensive Study.” International Journal of Computer Networks and Communications Security 4, no. 6 (2016): 165–76.

Salsabila, Putri Zakia. “Kejahatan Siber di Indonesia Naik 4 Kali Lipat Selama Pandemi.” Kompas.com, 2020. https://tekno.kompas.com/read/2020/10/12/07020007/kejahatan-siber-di-indonesia-naik-4-kali-lipat-selama-pandemi.

Saputri, Dessy Suciati. “Indonesia Peringkat ke-2 Dunia Kasus Kejahatan Siber.” Republika Online, 2015. https://republika.co.id/berita/nasional/umum/15/04/09/nmjajy-indonesia-peringkat-ke2-dunia-kasus-kejahatan-siber.

Setiawan, Radita, dan Muhammad Okky Arista. “Efektivitas Undang-Undang Informasi Dan Transaksi Elektronik Di Indonesia Dalam Aspek Hukum Pidana.” Jurnal Hukum Pidana Dan Penanggulangan Kejahatan 2, no. 2 (2013): 139–46.

Soekanto, Soerjono, dan Sri Mamudji. Penelitian Hukum Normatif : Suatu Tinjauan Singkat. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2003.

Suhariyanto, Budi. Tindak Pidana Teknologi Informasi (Cybercrime) Urgensi Pengaturan dan Celah Hukumnya. Jakarta: Rajawali Press, 2013.

Suharto, Miko Aditiya, dan Maria Novita Apriyani. “Konsep Cyber Attack, Cyber Crime, Dan Cyber Warfare Dalam Aspek Hukum Internasional.” Risalah Hukum, 2021, 98–107. https://doi.org/10.30872/risalah.v17i2.705.

Tahir, Anriyan Ridwan. “Analisis Hukum Terhadap Kejahatan Siber (Cybercrime) Pencurian Data Berupa Hak Cipta (Copyright) Milik

Stasiun Televisi Swasta.” Universitas Hasanuddin, 2018. http://digilib.unhas.ac.id/opac/detail-opac?id=45438.

T-CY News. “Accession by Senegal to the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime and its Protocol on Xenophobia and Racism,” 2016. https://www.coe.int/en/web/cybercrime/-/accession-by-senegal-to-the-budapest-convention-on-cybercrime-and-its-protocol-on-xenophobia-and-racism.

Thackeray, Rosemary, dan MaryAnne Hunter. “Empowering Youth: Use of Technology in Advocacy to Affect Social Change.” Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 15, no. 4 (2010): 575–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01503.x.

Tobing, Raida L. Laporan Akhir Penelitian Hukum tentang Efektifitas UU No. 11 Tahun 2008 tetang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. Jakarta: Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional Kementrian Hukum dan HAM RI, 2010.

Wardana, Hendra Kusuma. “Yurisdiksi Terhadap Cybercrime.” Thesis, Universitas Airlangga, 2010. http://lib.unair.ac.id.

Wicki-Birchler, David. “The Budapest Convention and the General Data Protection Regulation: Acting in Concert to Curb Cybercrime?” International Cybersecurity Law Review 1 (2020): 63–72. https://doi.org/10.1365/s43439-020-00012-5.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/j-fsh.v14i1.15731

Copyright (c) 2022 Ermanto Fahamsyah, Vicko Taniady, Kania Venisa Rachim, Novi Wahyu Riwayanti

Published By:

Shariah Faculty Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

Gajayana Street 50 Malang, East Java, Indonesia

 


De Jure: Jurnal Hukum dan Syar'iah is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International