FREUD’S VIEW ON THE ORIGIN OF RELIGION AND ITS CRITICISM ACCORDING TO ‘AQL AND NAQL

Abdullah Hosseini Eskandian, Ali Babaei

Abstract


The origin of religion is one of the important issues in the philosophy of religion and new theology (kâlâm), which has always been the source of suspicion among some materialists and atheists. The answer to this question determines the identity of religion and reveals its divine or human aspect. From the perspective of God-believing thinkers, religion has a divine origin and has been legislated by God and Prophets for the guidance of people. On the other hand, materialists and atheist philosophers consider religion an estimate of human will, lust, and ignorance, and instead of a heavenly origin, they believe that religion has an earthly origin, and religion cannot be attributed to an origin beyond this material world and material man. Meanwhile, Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) sees the origin of religion in human complexes and instincts, and beyond this, he does not consider any other origin for religion. In this article, with a descriptive-argumentative method and an analytical approach, an attempt is made to investigate and criticize Freud's point of view on the origin of religion. Freud's point of view in terms of reason (‘aql) and inspired transmission (Quranic and hadith principles of Islam, naql) faces some challenges and impasses, such as the inexplicability of the mechanism that instinct of the origin of religion, the mythology of father-son relationship and its uniqueness in Christianity, the irrationality of believing in totemism, ethnic and limited view, as well as Freud's view on the origin of religion. This view conflicts with many Quranic verses and human nature.

Keywords


Fear of Nature; Freud; Oedipus Complex; Religion; Sexual Instincts

Full Text:

PDF

References


References

Elmi, G. 2003. An introduction to the Religious Theory of Shahid Motahhari. The Journal of Essays and Investigations, 10(3): 61–73.

Elmi, G. 2007. Investigation the Origin of Religion and Religiosity from Allameh Tabatabai's Point of View. The Journal of Ayeneh Ma‘refat, 5(10).

Esfandiyari, M. 2012. Descriptive Bibliography of New Theology. The Journal of Review and Comment, 32(2).

Eysenck, H. 2000. Decline and Fall of the Freudian Empire, trans by Yûsuf Karimi. Tehran: Sâmt Publications, First Edition.

Freud, S. 1964. A Life in Psychoanalysis, trans by Mahmoud Nâvaei. Tehran: Negah Publications, First Edition.

Freud, S. 1983. Totem and Taboo, trans by Iraj Pourbaqer. Tehran: Asia Publications, First Edition.

Freud, S. 1989. Die Frage der Laienanalyse, trans by Farid Javaherkalam. Tehran: Mûrwarid Publications, Fourth Edition.

Freud, S. 1996. The Origin and Development of Psychoanalysis, trans by Hâshem Razî. Tehran: Asia Publications, First Edition.

Freud, S. 2021. The Psychopathology of Everyday Life, trans by Soheil Sami. Tehran: Pendâr Taban Publications, Seventh Edition.

Freud, S. 2022. Five Lectures on Psychoanalysis, trans by Hasan Safavi. Tehran: Jami Publications, Third Edition.

Freud, S. 2023. Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality, trans by Ebrahim Malek Esmaîli. Tehran: Negah Publications, Sixth Edition.

Gharamaleki, A. 2004. Shahid Motahhari and New Kalam. Tehran: Research Institute of Islamic Culture and Thought, First Edition.

Goldhill, S. 2021. Freud, Archaeology and Egypt: Religion, Materiality and the Cultural Critique of Origins. Arion - Journal of Humanities and the Classics, 28(3): 75–104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/arion.28.3.0075

Hall, C. 1969. A Primer of Freudian Psychology, trans by Iraj Nikaỳyin. Tehran: al-Ghazali Publications, First Edition.

Hamilton, M. 2008. The Sociology of Religion, trans by Mohsen Thalâsi. Tehran: Thales Publications, Fourth Edition.

Heydary, D. 2009. Criticism of the Functionalist Approach in Defining Religion. The Journal of New Religious Thought, 5(17).

Hick, J. 1993. Philosophy of Religion, trans by Bahram Rad. Tehran: Hûda Publications, First Edition.

Javadi Amoli, A. 1995. Explanation of Arguments of proof of God. Qom: Esra Publishing House, First Edition.

Garamaleki gorbanali, karimzadeh & Eskandian, Abdullah Hosseini. 2022. Review and Criticism of Emile Durkheim's View on the Origin of Religion from the Perspective of Shahid Motahhari and John Hick. The Journal of Philosophy of Religion, 11(1): 1–33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22034/philor.2023.2002839.1430

Kistner, U. 2021. Religion as ‘universal obsessional neurosis of humanity’? Re-reading freud on religion. HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies, 77(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v77i2.6723

Kühn, R. 2020. Freud's contribution to culture and its relation to philosophy and religion. Tijdschrift voor Filosofie, 82(2): 327–349. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2143/TVF.82.2.3287743

Malekian, M. 2000. Religion and Religiosity in the Contemporary World. The Journal of Seven Skies, 1(2).

Malony, H. N. 2021. The Future of an Illusion, The Illusion of the Future: An Historic Dialogue on the Value of Religion between Oskar Pfister and Sigmund Freud. Contemporary Psychoanalytic Studies, 29: 161–175. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004429222_013

Monteiro, G .d. P. 2021. Religion, life and society: Brief study from bergson and freud. Trans/Form/Acao, 44(3): 151–176. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-3173.2021.V44N3.14.P151

Moreno, A. 2022. Jung, Gods and Modern Man, trans by Daryûsh Mehrjûvi. Tehran: Markaz Publications, Twelfth Edition.

Motahhari, M. 1995. Collection of Works. Tehran: Sadra Publications, First Edition.

Motahhari, M. 2003. Fītrā. Tehran: Sadra Publications, First Edition.

Motahhari, M. 2009. Reasons of Tendency towards Materialism. Tehran: Sadra Publications, Sixth Edition.

Motahhari, M. 2010. Principles of Philosophy and the Method of Realism. Tehran: Sadra Publications, Fourteenth Edition.

Pals, D. 2003. Seven Theories about Religion, trans by Aziz Bakhtiyari. Qom: Imam Khomeini Educational Institute, First Edition.

Qâeminiyâ, A. R. 2000. An Introduction to the Origin of Religion. Qom: Ma’arif Publications, First Edition.

Raymond, A. 1998. Main Currents in Sociological Thought, trans by Bagher Parham. Tehran: Scientific and Cultural Publications, First Edition.

Reshad, A. 2019. The Necessity of Establishing the Philosophy of Religion, the Logic of Exploring Religion and the Philosophy of Religious Wisdom and its Similarities and Differences with each other. The Journal of Qābāsat, 38(3).

Sajedi, A. 2018. The Philosophy of Origin of Religion. The Journal of Qābāsat, 51(4).

Shojaei-Zand, A. 2004. The Origin of Religion and the Root of Religiosity. Journal of Social Sciences, 2(3).

Storr, A. 1996. Freud, trans by Hassan Marandi. Tehran: New Design, First Edition.

Tabatabaei, M. H. 1971. Principles of Philosophy and the Method of Realism. Qom: Dar al-Ilm Publications, First Edition.

Taheri, H. 2011. Review and Criticism of the Theory of the Origin of Religion from Freud’s Point of View. Journal of New Religious Thought, 25(2).

Tâvakûli, G. 1999. A Critical Approach to the Origin of Religion from Freud’s Point of View. Tehran: Suhrawardi Research and Publication Office, First Edition.

Yousefiyân, H. 2011. New Kalam. Tehran: Sāmt Publications, Fourth Edition.

Zamzami, M., Karimzadeh Gharamaleki, G., HosseiniEskandian, A., Mahzumi, F. 2023. The Design Argument for God`s Existence: Ayatullâh Ja’far Subḥânî’s Criticism of David Hume’s Thoughts. Ulul Albab: Jurnal Studi Islam, 24(1): 89–109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/ua.v24i1.20698




DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/ua.v24i2.21299

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


 Tools:
 
 
 Indexed by:
 
 

All publication by Ulul Albab: Jurnal Studi Islam are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA)

Ulul Albab: Jurnal Studi Islam, P-ISSN : 1858-4349, E-ISSN : 2442-5249