BUGIS AND MADURA MIGRATION IN NUSANTARA: Religiosity, Harmony, and Identity from Eastern Indonesia

Ismail Suardi Wekke; Suyatno Ladiqi; Reevany Bustami

doi:10.18860/ua.v20i1.4902

BUGIS AND MADURA MIGRATION IN NUSANTARA: Religiosity, Harmony, and Identity from Eastern Indonesia

Ismail Suardi Wekke, Suyatno Ladiqi, Reevany Bustami

Abstract

The Buginese and Madurese are well known as fierce sailors and are open-hearted ethnics in Indonesia. It seems that they have their typical characters and identities compared to the other ethnics in Indonesia. Their characters and identities become part of their life, including in economic, social customs or even when they immigrated to a new place. This phenomenology study tried to explain the behavior of Buginese and the people of Madurese who immigrated to Papua. The study also would seek to explore beyond migration of the Bugis and Madurese in Papua. This article was conducted in Papua to assess the patterns of migration and community interaction of Bugis and Madurese with other communities. The study findings revealed that Buginese and Madurese seem similar among others in terms of economic activity, mastery in the field of politics, and social role in the community. Besides, with their capacity, it has a role in religious activities which they always carry out in their environment. By not making it as a mission of deployment religious activities, but rather only to defend their religious understanding in a way that it would be limited just to the internal environment. It seems both the Buginese and Madurese firmly have a connection to the Islamic identity factors that are part of their religious expression.

Keywords

harmony; identity; migration; religious; tradition

Full Text:

PDF

References

Abidin, Andi Zainal. 1983. Persepsi Orang Bugis Makassar tentang Hukum, Negara, dan Dunia Luar. Bandung: Penerbit Alumni.

Acciaioli, Greg. 2009. “Utang Piutang dan Sistem Kekerabatan Struktur Sosial Masyarakat Bugis Perantauan dan Pemasaran Ikan di Danau Lindu, Sulawesi Tengah.” In Kuasa dan Usaha di Masyarakat Sulawesi Selatan, eds. Rogel Tol, Kees van Dijk, and Greg Acciaioli. Makassar: Ininnawa.

Ammarell, Gene. 2008. Navigasi Bugis. Trans. Nurhay Sirimorok. Makassar: Hasanuddin University Press.

Berger, Peter L. 1963. Invitations to Sociology. New York: Doubleday.

Caldwell, Ian. 1995. “Power, State, and Society among the Pre-Islamic Bugis.” BKI, 151-III: 394-421.

Chabot. Hendrik Theodorus. 1950. Verwantschap, Stannd en Sexe in Zuid- Celebes. Groningen: J. B. Wolters.

Chiang, Lan-Hung Nora. 2011. “Return Migration: The Case of the 1.5 Generation of Tawainese in Canada and New Zealand.” China Review 11(2): 91-124.

De Jonge, Huub. 1989. “Hubungan Ketergantungan dalam Perikanan di Madura.” In Agama, Kebudayaan, dan Ekonomi: Studi-Studi Interdisipliner tentang Masyarakat Madura, ed. Huub De Jonge. Trans. Suparmin. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers.

Duchene-Lacroiz, Cedric, and Angeliki Kokoutsaki-Monnier. 2015. “Mapping the Social Space of Transnational Migrants on the Basis of Their (supra) national Belongings: The Case of French Citizens in Berlin.” Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power 23(2): 1-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1070289X.2015.1008000

Geertz, Clifford. 1983. Local Knowledge, Further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology. New York: Basic Books.

Gongong, Anhar. 2003. “Interpretasi Kelampauan: Mencari Makna untuk Melanjutkan Hidup Bersama (Sebuah Pengantar Imaji).” In La Galigo Menelusuri Jejak Warisan Sastra Dunia, eds. Nurhayati Rahman, Anil Hukma, and Idwar Anwar. Makassar: Pusat Studi La Galigo Divisi Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora Pusat Kegiatan Penelitian Universitas Hasanuddin.

Husson, Laurence. 1997. “Eight Centuries of Madurese Migration to East Java.” Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 6(1): 77-102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/011719689700600105

Iammarino, Simona, and Elisabetta Marinelli. 2014. “Education-job (Mis) Match and Interregional Migration: Italian University Graduates’ Transition to Work.” Regional Studies 49(5): 1-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2014.965135

Kesuma, Andi Ima. 2004. Migrasi dan Orang Bugis. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Ombak.

Koentjaraningrat. 1985. “Rintangan-Rintangan Mental dalam Pembangunan Ekonomi di Indonesia.” In Sosiologi Pedesaan, eds. Sajogyo and Pudjiwati Sajogyo. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.

Kuntowijoyo. 1980. “Social Change in an Agrarian Society.” Dissertation. Columbia University.

Ley, David. 2010. Millionaire Migrants: Trans-Pacific Life Lines. Oxford: Black-Wiley.

Lynn-Ee Ho, Elaine. 2014. “Middling Chinese Returnees or Immigrants from Canada? The Ambiguity of Return Migration and Claims to Modernity.” Asian Studies Review 38(1): 36-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10357823.2013.853167

Mattulada. 1998. Sejarah, Masyarakat, dan Kebudayaan Sulawesi Selatan. Ujung Pandang: Hasanuddin University Press.

Mattulada. 2011. Menyusuri Jejak Kehadiran Makassar dalam Sejarah. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Ombak.

Mintaroem, Karjadi, and Mohammad Imam Farisi. 2001. “Aspek Sosial-Budaya pada Kehidupan Ekonomi Masyarakat Nelayan Tradisional (Studi pada Masyarakat Nelayan Tradisional di Desa Bandaran, Pamekasan).” Jurnal Studi Indonesia 11(2): 107-28.

Naim, Mochtar. 1972. “Merantau dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Pembangunan Daerah.” Prisma No. 4 June, 36.

Pelras. Christian. 1971. “Hierarchieet Pouvoir Traditionnels en Pays Wadjo.” Archipel 1: 169-91.

Poelinggomang, Edward L. 1991. “Proteksi dan Perdagangan Bebas: Kajian tentang Perdagangan Makassar pada Abad ke-19.” Dissertation. Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.

Pribadi, Yanwar. 2018. Islam, State and Society in Indonesia: Local Politics in Madura. Routledge.

Rachmat, Zainabbinti. 1977. “Etnis Bugis di Kampung Melayu Pandan Johor, Negara Bagian Malaysia.” Thesis. Universitas Hasanuddin Ujung Pandang.

Rahman, Nurhayati. 2006. Cinta, Laut, dan Kekuasaan dalam Epos La Galigo. Makassar: La Galigo Press.

Reuveny, Rafael. 2007. “Climate Change-Induced Migration and Violent Conflict.” Political geography 26(6): 656-73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2007.05.001

Ricklefs, M. C. et al. 2013. Sejarah Asia Tenggara dari Masa Prasejarah sampai Kontemporer. Jakarta: Komunitas Bambu.

Rumahuru, Yance Zadrak. 2012. Islam Syariah dan Islam Adat. Jakarta: Badan Litbang and Diklat Kementerian Agama RI.

Sani, M. Yamin. 2005. “Migrasi Inovatif Orang Bugis.” In Manusia, Kebudayaan, dan Pembangunan di Sulawesi Selatan. Makassar: Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan.

Soleh, Badrus. 2010. “Peranan Bugis Pendatang dalam Proses Islamisasi Bagian Timur Indonesia: Kasus Konteks Sejarah Ambon.” In Diaspora Bugis di Alam Melayu Nusantara, ed. Andi Faisal Bakti. Makassar: Ininnawa.

Subaharianto, Andang et al. 2004. Tantangan Industrialisasi Madura, Membentur Kultur, Menjunjung Leluhur. Malang: Bayumedia.

Sunam, Ramesh. 2014. “Marginalised Dalits in International Labour Migration: Reconfiguring Economic and Social Relations in Nepal.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 20(12): 2030-48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2014.948393

Vlase, Ionela, and Malina Voicu. 2014. “Romanian Roma Migration: The Interplay Between Structures and Agency.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 37(13): 2418-37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2013.809133

Wekke, Ismail Suardi, and Sanusi Hamid. 2013. “Technology on Language Teaching and Learning: A Research on Indonesian Pesantren.” Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 83: 585-89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.111

Wekke, Ismail Suardi. 2012. “Islam dan Adat dalam Pernikahan Suku Bugis di Papua Barat.” Thaqafiyyat: Jurnal Bahasa, Peradaban dan Informasi Islam 13(2): 307-55.

Wekke, Ismail Suardi. 2014. Mimbar, Tindak Tutur, dan Harmoni: Penyuluh Agama dalam Pesan Keagamaan di Sorong. Sorong: Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat STAIN Sorong.

Wekke, Ismail Suardi. 2016. “Religious Education and Empowerment: Study on Pesantren in Muslim Minority West Papua.” MIQOT: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman 37(2): 374-95. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30821/miqot.v37i2.88

Wekke, Ismail Suardi, Ngesti Wihayuningtyas, Payiz Zawahir Muntaha, and Mukhlis Mukhlis. 2019. “Leadership Typology of Traditional Islamic Boarding School in Eastern Indonesia: Learning to Lead from DDI Mangkoso.” INFERENSI: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan 12(2): 331-48. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/infsl3.v12i2.331-348

Wertheim, W. P. 1964. “Society and Composite of Conflicting Value System.” In East-West Paralles: Sociological Approaches to Modern Asia. The Hague: W. Van Hoeve, Ltd.

Wiyata, Latief. 2002. Carok: Konflik Kekerasan dan Harga Diri Orang Madura. Yogyakarta: LKiS.

Wiyata, Latief. 2003. Madura yang Patuh? Kajian Antropologi Mengenai Budaya Madura. Jakarta: CERIC-FISIP UI.

Yusuf, Muhammad, and Wekke, Ismail Suardi. 2013. “Pemikiran Gender Ulama Bugis.”In Bugis dalam Peradaban Melayu. Tanjung Malim: Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/ua.v20i1.4902