ANALYSIS OF DOMES IN TOMB ARCHITECTURE OF DELHI: EVOLUTION AND GEOMETRICAL TRANSITION

Sahil Ali Khan, Mohammad Arif Kamal

Abstract


The dome is a vital element and a prominent building feature in Islamic Architecture. This paper analyzes the geometrical and philosophical approach to the transition of two types of domes, i.e., square and octagonal base domes. The timeline and region selected for the work are from the 1420s to 1630s of the Indian subcontinent. During the period, it covers three dynasties: Sayyid Dynasty, Lodi Dynasty, and Mughal Dynasty, and their change of approach toward the shapes of domes according to the needs and availability of construction techniques at hand and other factors. Based on the comparison of the domes of four buildings, the evolution of domes and their need for transition is to be presented in this work.


Keywords


Domes; Square; Octagonal; Sayyid Dynasty; Lodi Dynasty; Mughal Dynasty; Sultanate Period

Full Text:

PDF

References


A. Petersen, Dictionary of Islamic architecture, Psychology Press, 1996.

F. Yari, S. S. Goodarzi, A. Amiri, and R. Hoorshenas, "The Stability of Dome Structures in the Iranian Traditional Architecture, Case Study: Dome of Taj-al-Molk," J Archit Eng Tech, vol. 5, no. 2, 2016, doi: 10.4172/2168-9717.1000164.

P. Nuttgens, The story of architecture, Phaidon Press, 1983.

R. Hillenbrand, “Mughal Architecture Explored”, South Asian Studies, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 105–123, Jan. 2010, doi: 10.1080/02666030.1996.9628514.

A. Rehman and M. Akhtar, "Heart Pleasing and Praiseworthy Buildings: Reviewing Mughal Architecture in the light of Primary Sources," Pakistan Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, vol. 10, pp. 103–113, Jun. 2016.

G. D. Lowry, "Humayun’s Tomb: Form, Function, and Meaning in Early Mughal Architecture”, Muqarnas, vol. 4, pp. 133–148, 1987.

J. Fergusson, “Mughal Architecture”, History of Indian and Eastern Architecture, pp. 283–332, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014, doi: 10.1017/cbo9781139814638.020.

S. A. N. Rezwai, Mughal Architecture: Organization, Inspirations and Design, 75th Sessi, New Delhi: Indian History Congress, 2014.

A. A. Elkhateeb, “Domes in the Islamic Architecture of Cairo City: A Mathematical Approach,” Nexus Network Journal, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 151–176, Jan. 2012, doi: 10.1007/S00004-011-0103-3.

W. G. Klingelhofer, “The Jahangiri Mahal of the Agra Fort: Expression and Experience in Early Mughal Architecture,” Muqarnas, vol. 5, p. 153, 1988, doi: 10.2307/1523115.

A. B. Pandey, Early Medieval India, Allahabad: Central Book Depot, 1990.

S. Kumari, Tombs of Delhi: Sultanate period, Delhi: Bharatiya Kala Prakashan, 2006.

S. Sen, Medieval Indian History, Primus Book, 2013.

A. Halim, “Sikander Lodhi as founder”, Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, Vol. 3, pp. 842-848, 1939.

INTACH, Indian National Trust For Art and Cultural Heritage, Delhi Chapter, New Delhi, India - Google Arts & Culture.” https://artsandculture.google.com/partner/indian-national-trust-for-art-and-cultural-heritage (accessed Jan. 22, 2022).

C. Tadgell, The History of Architecture in India: From the Dawn of Civilization to the End of the Raj, London: Architecture Design and Technology Press, 1990.

A. Ali and A. S. Hassan, “From Corbelled to Onion-Shaped: The Morphological Development of Domes in the Islamic Architecture of North India,” The Arab World Geographer, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 254-275, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.5555/1480-6800.22.3.254

R. Aguilar, D. Torrealva, S. Moreira, M. A. Pando and L. F. Ramos, Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions, RILEM book Series, Springer, U.K., 2018.

C. B. Asher, Architecture of Mughal India. Cambridge University Press, 1992. doi: 10.1017/chol9780521267281.

R. Agarwal, R. K. Singh, and L. K. Singh, “Contribution of Noor Jahan in the Development of Mughal Culture”, international Journal of Medical and Social Sciences, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 146-150, 2016.

R. N. Agnihotri, Mughal Architecture: An Annotated Bibliography, Master of Library Science, Aligarh: Department of Library Science, Aligarh Muslim University, 1984.

“Plan of the interior of the tomb of I’timad-ud-Daulah, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India, 1965-2000 - International Collections - University of Washington Digital Collections.” https://digitalcollections.lib.washington.edu/digital/collection/ic/id/10142/ (accessed Jan. 22, 2022).

R. L. Abduazizovich, “The Mausoleum of Humayun,” International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, vol. 5, p. 7, pp. 209-214, 2016.

P. B. Lourenço, P. Roca, and C. Modena, “Select Papers from SAHC 2012: 8th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions,” International Journal of Architectural Heritage, vol. 8, no. 3, p. 311, May 2013, doi: 10.1080/15583058.2013.842826.

K. U. Krusche, D. Aijian, S. Anders, I. Dokonal, and J. Kapadia, “History, Morphology and Perfect Proportions of Mughal Tombs: The Secret to Creation of Taj Mahal,” vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 158–178, 2010.

S. Tappin, “The Structural Development of Masonry Domes in India,” CHS Newsletter, vol. 63, no. 1, 2002.

J. Burton-Page, Indian Islamic Architecture: forms and typologies, sites and monuments, Brill, 2008.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/jia.v7i1.13499

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.