Islamic and Scientific Perspectives on Shading Coefficient, Carbon Dioxide Concentration Reduction, and Cooling Effect of Productive Facade

Dwi Rinnarsuri Noraduola, Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo, R. Irwan Bagyo Santoso, Ipung Fitri Purwanti, Laode M. Golok Jaya, Rusli Cahyadi

Abstract


The concept of productive green space has been mentioned in Al-Qur’an, which was revealed several centuries ago. However, Productive Facade (PF), a Vertical Greening System (VGS) method, has only recently been seen as a viable solution to provide crops and a cooler atmosphere in densely populated residential areas. The purpose of this article is to examine, from both scientific and Islamic perspectives, how shading and CO2 concentration reduction from PF can help cool the outdoor air, as well as the implications of this cooling mechanism for the development of a PF system as a secondary building skin that is more responsive to increasing urban temperatures. Literature reviews and experimental studies have been conducted to provide evidence and arguments from both scientific knowledge and Islamic perspectives. It was found that PF was able to provide an outdoor cooling effect. In addition, plant shade and CO2 uptake in PF are strongly correlated with air temperature. These findings are mentioned in the Qur'an and Hadiths as a basis for constructing an Islamic perspective.

Keywords


Al Qur’an; Hadiths; Productive facade; Air temperature; Shading coefficient; Carbon Dioxide.

Full Text:

PDF

References


[1] A. S. Putra, G. Tong, and D. O. Pribadi, “Food Security Challenges in Rapidly Urbanizing Developing Countries: Insight from Indonesia,” Sustainability, vol. 12, no. 22, p. 9550, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.3390/su12229550.

[2] B. Paramita and A. Matzarakis, “Urban morphology aspects on microclimate in a hot and humid climate,” Geographica Pannonica, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 398–410, 2019, doi: 10.5937/gp23-24260.

[3] S. N. H. Utami, Darmanto, and R. Jayadi, “Vertical gardening for vegetables,” in Acta Horticulturae, International Society for Horticultural Science, Aug. 2012, pp. 195–202. doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2012.958.23.

[4] Y. Stav, “Transfunctional Living Walls-Designing Living Walls for Environmental and Social Benefits,” 2016.

[5] J. Fahed, E. Kinab, S. Ginestet, and L. Adolphe, “Impact of urban heat island mitigation measures on microclimate and pedestrian comfort in a dense urban district of Lebanon,” Sustain Cities Soc, vol. 61, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102375.

[6] K. Ornam, S. Wonorahardjo, and S. Triyadi, “Several facade types for mitigating urban heat island intensity,” Build Environ, vol. 248, p. 111031, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.111031.

[7] R. Widiastuti, J. Zaini, W. Caesarendra, G. Kokogiannakis, and S. N. N. Binti Suhailian, “Thermal insulation effect of green facades based on calculation of heat transfer and long wave infrared radiative exchange,” Measurement, vol. 188, p. 110555, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.measurement.2021.110555.

[8] T. A. N. T. Perera, G. Y. Jayasinghe, R. U. Halwatura, and H. T. Rupasinghe, “Modelling of vertical greenery system with selected tropical plants in urban context to appraise plant thermal performance,” Ecol Indic, vol. 128, p. 107816, Sep. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107816.

[9] G. Vox, I. Blanco, and E. Schettini, “Green facades to control wall surface temperature in buildings,” Build Environ, vol. 129, pp. 154–166, Feb. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.12.002.

[10] L. Bianco, V. Serra, F. Larcher, and M. Perino, “Thermal behaviour assessment of a novel vertical greenery module system: first results of a long-term monitoring campaign in an outdoor test cell,” Energy Effic, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 625–638, Jun. 2017, doi: 10.1007/s12053-016-9473-4.

[11] I. Susorova, M. Angulo, P. Bahrami, and Brent Stephens, “A model of vegetated exterior facades for evaluation of wall thermal performance,” Build Environ, vol. 67, pp. 1–13, Sep. 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2013.04.027.

[12] Mohd Khairul Azhar Mat Sulaiman, Maslina Jamil, and Muhammad Fauzi Mohd Zain, “Solar Radiation Transmission of Green Facade in the Tropics,” in Conference: Kongres Penyelidikan & Inovasi UKM2013, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Nov. 2013.

[13] P. M. F. van de Wouw, E. J. M. Ros, and H. J. H. Brouwers, “Precipitation collection and evapo(transpi)ration of living wall systems: A comparative study between a panel system and a planter box system,” Build Environ, vol. 126, pp. 221–237, Dec. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.10.002.

[14] F. Convertino, G. Vox, and E. Schettini, “Convective heat transfer in green facade system,” Biosyst Eng, vol. 188, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2019.10.006.

[15] F. Convertino, E. Schettini, I. Blanco, C. Bibbiani, and G. Vox, “Effect of Leaf Area Index on Green Facade Thermal Performance in Buildings,” Sustainability (Switzerland), vol. 14, no. 5, 2022, doi: 10.3390/su14052966.

[16] A. Tablada, V. Kosorić, H. Huang, S. S. Y. Lau, and V. Shabunko, “Architectural quality of the productive facades integrating photovoltaic and vertical farming systems: Survey among experts in Singapore,” Frontiers of Architectural Research, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 301–318, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.foar.2019.12.005.

[17] Suparwoko and B. Taufani, “Urban Farming Construction Model on the Vertical Building Envelope to Support the Green Buildings Development in Sleman, Indonesia,” Procedia Eng, vol. 171, pp. 258–264, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2017.01.333.

[18] A. Tablada and X. Zhao, “Sunlight availability and potential food and energy self-sufficiency in tropical generic residential districts,” Solar Energy, vol. 139, pp. 757–769, Dec. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2016.10.041.

[19] L. Y. Astee and N. T. Kishnani, “Building Integrated Agriculture: Utilising Rooftops for Sustainable Food Crop Cultivation in Singapore,” Journal of Green Building, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 105–113, May 2010, doi: 10.3992/jgb.5.2.105.

[20] S. Hidayatullah Jakarta, “Reflexivity of Food and Plants on Islam With Theory H Roikhan MA,” 2018.

[21] F. Mahmudah and R. Rahmatika, “SUN IN PERSPECTIVES OF SCIENCE AND AL-QUR’AN.”

[22] S. Chaudhry, “Environmental Stewardship: Perspectives from the Islamic Teachings African Journal of Sociological and Psychological Studies,” 2022, doi: 10.31920/2753-3182/2022/v1n1a5.

[23] D. Manan Cheema, “Current Global Warming Prevention in Islamic Perspective: A Research Review”, doi: 10.36755/iqan142.2022,PP.

[24] K. R. Gunawardena, M. J. Wells, and T. Kershaw, “Utilising green and bluespace to mitigate urban heat island intensity,” Science of The Total Environment, vol. 584–585, pp. 1040–1055, Apr. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.158.

[25] Peck SW, Callaghan C, Kuhn ME, and Bass B, Greenbacks from green roofs: forging a new industry in Canada. Ottawa: Citeseer, 1999.

[26] X. Wang, W. Gard, H. Borska, B. Ursem, and J. W. G. van de Kuilen, “Vertical greenery systems: from plants to trees with self-growing interconnections,” European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, vol. 78, no. 5, pp. 1031–1043, Sep. 2020, doi: 10.1007/s00107-020-01583-0.

[27] R. Fernández-Cañero, L. P. Urrestarazu, and A. Franco Salas, “Assessment of the Cooling Potential of an Indoor Living Wall using Different Substrates in a Warm Climate,” Indoor and Built Environment, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 642–650, Oct. 2012, doi: 10.1177/1420326X11420457.

[28] L. Pérez-Urrestarazu, R. Fernández-Cañero, A. Franco-Salas, and G. Egea, “Vertical Greening Systems and Sustainable Cities,” Journal of Urban Technology, vol. 22, no. 4, 2015, doi: 10.1080/10630732.2015.1073900.

[29] M. Manso and J. Castro-Gomes, “Green wall systems: A review of their characteristics,” 2015, Elsevier Ltd. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.203.

[30] S. A. Palermo and M. Turco, “Green Wall systems: Where do we stand?,” IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci, vol. 410, no. 1, 2020, doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/410/1/012013.

[31] J. Kleszcz, “Urban Farm as a System of Productive Urban Green – Challenges and Risks,” Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 23–36, Jan. 2018, doi: 10.21307/acee-2018-003.

[32] P. A. Zuidema, W. Gerritsma, L. Mommer, and P. A. Leffelaar, “Model description and technical program manual of CASE2 version 2.2 A physiological production model for cacao,” 2003.

[33] F. Samadiyan, A. Soleymani, and F. Yeganehpoor, “Evaluation of maximum light absorption and light extinction coefficient in different levels of nitrogen and wheat cultivars,” 2013. [Online]. Available: http://www.ijabbr.com

[34] M. A. Awal, H. Koshi, and T. Ikeda, “Radiation interception and use by maize/peanut intercrop canopy,” Agric For Meteorol, vol. 139, no. 1–2, pp. 74–83, Sep. 2006, doi: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.06.001.

[35] K. Ip, M. Lam, and A. Miller, “Shading performance of a vertical deciduous climbing plant canopy,” Build Environ, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 81–88, Jan. 2010, doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2009.05.003.

[36] Q. Chen, Q. Ding, and X. Liu, “Establishment and validation of a solar radiation model for a living wall system,” Energy Build, vol. 195, pp. 105–115, Jul. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.05.005.

[37] Y. Zhang et al., “Seasonal variation in leaf area index and its impact on the shading effects of vertical green facades in subtropical areas,” Build Environ, vol. 225, p. 109629, Nov. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109629.

[38] M. R. Seyedabadi, U. Eicker, and S. Karimi, “Plant selection for green roofs and their impact on carbon sequestration and the building carbon footprint,” Environmental Challenges, vol. 4, p. 100119, Aug. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.envc.2021.100119.

[39] J. Othman, I. Azhar, and A. Azlan, “Assessing Plant Selection for Vertical Greenery System on Commercial Buildings in an Urban Setting,” 2018.

[40] H. P. Jaya, Y. Ludang, and S. Mangkoedihardjo, “Development of traditional medicinal plants on Peatland conditions in Central Kalimantan,” Journal of Phytology, pp. 24–30, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.25081/jp.2022.v14.7184.

[41] R. I. S. Izzah, “Studi Serapan Karbon Dioksida (CO2) Udara Ambien oleh Tumbuhan Air Menggunakan Indikator Nilai Kumulatif Konsentrasi (Net-CO2-Con).,” Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember., Surabaya, 2018.

[42] Samudro G, S. Wardana, Samudro S. H, and S. Mangkoedihardjo M., “ Determination of the specific energy of mixed waste decomposition in compost solid phase microbial fuel cells (CSMFCS),” International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology., vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 1316-1324., Jan. 2018.

[43] IR. I. B. Santoso and S. Mangkoedihardjo, “Mapping cumulative carbon dioxide concentrations at two meters above the ground for greenspace assessment in surabaya,” Middle East J Sci Res, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 288–292, 2013.

[44] R. S. Wahono, “A Systematic Literature Review of Software Defect Prediction: Research Trends, Datasets, Methods and Framework,” Journal of Software Engineering, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–16, Apr. 2015.

[45] S. A. Taridala, D. Rinnarsuri. ; Noraduola, and A. Ayisya. Annas, “Pengembangan Pertanian Perkotaan untuk Ketahanan Pangan dan Pendinginan Kawasan Pemukiman Masyarakat Berpenghasilan Rendah,” Kendari, Dec. 2021. Accessed: Sep. 09, 2023. [Online]. Available: Laporan Penelitian.The Indonesia - Belarus Research Link Joint Funding Research Scheme (Re-Link JFRS)

[46] M. Hasanuzzaman, K. Nahar, Md. Alam, R. Roychowdhury, and M. Fujita, “Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Mechanisms of Heat Stress Tolerance in Plants,” Int J Mol Sci, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 9643–9684, May 2013, doi: 10.3390/ijms14059643.

[47] M.-H. Yu et al., “How the Plant Temperature Links to the Air Temperature in the Desert Plant Artemisia ordosica,” PLoS One, vol. 10, no. 8, p. e0135452, Aug. 2015, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135452.

[48] Sumaryanti and G. A. Nugroho, “Pola Diurnal CO2 Permukaan di Palembang Berdasarkan Waktu Matahari untuk Pengamatan Dampak GNT terhadap Perubahan Laju Fotosinthesis.,” Prosiding Seminar Sains Antartika, Oct. 2016.

[49] E. S. Kim et al., “Quantifying outdoor cooling effects of vertical greening system on mean radiant temperature,” Developments in the Built Environment, vol. 15, p. 100211, Oct. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.dibe.2023.100211.

[50] K. Koyama and S. Takemoto, “Morning reduction of photosynthetic capacity before midday depression,” Sci Rep, vol. 4, Mar. 2014, doi: 10.1038/srep04389.

[51] M. Farooq, A. Wahid, N. Kobayashi, D. Fujita, and S. M. A. Basra, “Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms and management,” Agron Sustain Dev, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 185–212, Mar. 2009, doi: 10.1051/agro:2008021.

[52] S. Mathur, D. Agrawal, and A. Jajoo, “Photosynthesis: Response to high temperature stress,” J Photochem Photobiol B, vol. 137, pp. 116–126, Aug. 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.01.010.

[53] H. Lin, Y. Chen, H. Zhang, P. Fu, and Z. Fan, “Stronger cooling effects of transpiration and leaf physical traits of plants from a hot dry habitat than from a hot wet habitat,” Funct Ecol, vol. 31, no. 12, pp. 2202–2211, Dec. 2017, doi: 10.1111/1365-2435.12923.

[54] T. Aung, S. R. Liana, A. Htet, and A. Bhaumik, “Implementing green facades: A step towards sustainable smart buildings,” Journal of Smart Cities and Society, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 41–51, Jul. 2023, doi: 10.3233/SCS-230014.

[55] S. Chang, P. P. J. Yang, Y. Yamagata, and M. B. Tobey, “Modeling and design of smart buildings,” in Urban Systems Design, Elsevier, 2020, pp. 59–86. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-816055-8.00003-8.

[56] O. Omar, “Intelligent building, definitions, factors and evaluation criteria of selection,” Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 2903–2910, Dec. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.aej.2018.07.004.

[57] H. Zhang, P. Liu, B. Wang, and F. Yuan, “The roles of trichome development genes in stress resistance,” Plant Growth Regul, vol. 95, no. 2, pp. 137–148, Nov. 2021, doi: 10.1007/s10725-021-00733-5.

[58] M. Karami, M. Mostaghiman, H. Naghizadeh, and H. Fathi, “Plants rights foundation from Islamic perspective,” Health Biotechnology and Biopharma, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 72–81, 2017, doi: 10.22034/HBB.2017.07.

[59] H. Miyamoto et al., “An agroecological structure model of compost—soil—plant interactions for sustainable organic farming,” ISME Communications, vol. 3, no. 1, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.1038/s43705-023-00233-9.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/jia.v8i4.25911

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2025 Dwi Rinnarsuri Noraduola

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

 

EDITORIAL OFFICE

Department of Architecture, Faculty of Science and Technology
Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
Jalan Gajayana 50 Malang, Jawa Timur, Indonesia 65144
Phone (+62) 341 558933, Facsimile (+62) 341 558933
e-mail: journal.islamicarchitecture@gmail.com / jia@uin-malang.ac.id

 

 Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.