Fiqh Al-ʻumrān Al-Maqāṣidī: Towards a Visionary Framework for Sustainable and Humane Civilizational Development in Light of Islamic Sharīʻah

Baidar Mohammed Mohammed Hasan, Mohamed Mahmoud El Gammal, Hussein Bbaale, Ahmed Mohamud Abdikadir

Abstract


This study aims to highlight "Maqṣad al-ʻUmrān" (the higher, comprehensive objective of civilizational development and righteous construction) as a significant, foundational, and overarching objective within Islamic Sharīʻah. This concept transcends mere physical construction to encompass holistic civilizational development, earthly flourishing, and the fulfilment of human vicegerency (khilāfah). The research analyzes the profound jurisprudential (fiqhī) and Maqāṣid-based foundations and regulations governing the built environment within the rich framework of Islamic jurisprudence. Adopting a descriptive-analytical methodology to elucidate concepts and an inductive methodology to meticulously trace original Sharīʻah texts (Qur’an and Sunnah) and the opinions of esteemed jurists, the study focuses on inferring the underlying ratio legis (ʻilal) and objectives (maqāṣid). The findings conclusively determine that Islamic Sharīʻah, as a comprehensive way of life, accords exceptional attention to regulating urban development to achieve the recognized welfare (maṣlaḥah) of humanity. This extends beyond the five necessities (al-ḍarūriyyāt al-khams: preservation of religion, life, intellect, progeny, and property) to encompass essential needs (ḥājiyyāt) and desirable perfections (taḥsīniyyāt), positioning "righteous ʻUmrān" as a primary means to achieve these objectives collectively. This Maqāṣidī vision is manifested in an integrated legal system governing human-environment interaction, meticulously observing neighborhood rights, emphasizing harm prevention (ḍarar), ensuring privacy (ḥifẓ al-ʻirḍ), and mandating quality construction for safety and sustainability (ḥifẓ al-nafs, ḥifẓ al-māl). The study concludes by emphasizing the paramount importance of deriving inspiration from these original Maqāṣid-based regulations and activating them in contemporary urban planning to address multifaceted challenges and achieve sustainable civilizational development congruent with Islamic values.

Keywords


Maqṣad al-ʻUmrān; Maqāṣid al-Sharīʻah; Jurisprudence of Construction; Urban Regulations; Islamic Jurisprudence; Sustainable Development; Islamic Urban Planning

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/jia.v9i1.33445

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