The Great Islamic Mughal Empire during Jalaluddin Akbar’s Era: Sulh-i-kul Policy Determination

Fiana Shohibatussholihah, Ahmad Barizi

Abstract


This research aims to reveal the main factors underlying the glory of the Mughal Islamic empire by using a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data are collected through literature study of books and ebooks. The results of the research prove that: Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar was the first Muslim ruler who could maintain his position for a long time, not merely to fulfill his personal ambitions but to take advantage of his position as a king to unite all Mughal society under his rule. To realize the vision, Akbar must legitimize his government and build a strong military superiority among his pluralistic society. The sulh-i-kul or tolerance for all policy that he implemented became a driving tool for several subsequent policies such as the abolition of the jizyah, the establishment of ibadat-khana, and the application of din-i-Ilahi to unite the Mughal community in building a superpower empire based on universal tolerance. Without the basic ideology of sulh-i-kul, the Mughal society could not have become a famous empire back then.


Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor utama yang melandasi kejayaan kerajaan Islam Mughal dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan studi pustaka dari buku, ebook dan sejenisnya. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa: Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar merupakan penguasa muslim pertama yang dapat mempertahankan kerjaaan Islam dalam waktu lama. Hal ini tidak semata-mata untuk memenuhi ambisi pribadinya tapi untuk memanfaatkan posisinya sebagai raja dalam menyatukan semua masyarakat Mughal di bawah kekuasaannya. Untuk mewujudkan visi tersebut, Akbar harus melegitimasi pemerintahannya serta membangun superioritas militer yang kuat diantara masyarakatnya yang majemuk. Kebijakan Sulh-i-Kul atau toleransi kepada semua yang diterapkannya mampu menjadi alat penggerak beberapa kebijakan berikutnya seperti penghapusan jizyah, pendirian ibadat-khana, dan penerapan din-i-Ilahi untuk menyatukan masyarakat Mughal dalam membangun kerajaan yang superpower berdasarkan toleransi. Tanpa ideologi dasar sulh-i-kul ini belum tentu masyarakat Mughal kala itu dapat menjadi kerajaan yang masyhur.

Keywords


Sulh-i-kul; Jalaluddin Akbar; Mughal Empire; Islamic Policy

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/eh.v24i1.14905

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