Reconstructing Qur’anic Reception Typology in Pesantren: Extending A. Rafiq’s Theory

Muhammad Jamil, Aswadi Aswadi, Suqiyah Musafa''ah

Abstract


Studies on the Living Qur’an in pesantren mostly emphasize exegetical, aesthetic, and functional aspects, with limited attention to how Qur’anic meaning emerges through lived experience. Prior research has also not examined how spiritual and socio-economic engagements with the Qur’an extend beyond Rafiq’s typology. This gap underscores the need to reassess Qur’anic reception through a phenomenological lens. This research examines the dynamics of Al-Qur'an reception in pesantren by expanding A. Rafiq's typology—which includes exegesis, aesthetics, and functional—through two new categories: eternal and economic reception. The study aims to reconstruct and enrich the Living Qur'an framework through daily practices in pesantren with different characteristics. Langitan Islamic Boarding School and al-Muhibbin Jatirogo Islamic Boarding School, Tuban were selected because they represent the two main pesantren models in Indonesia: salaf and modern. Langitan is known as a historical salaf pesantren that maintains classical methods such as sorogan, bandongan, and halaqah, along with a strong emphasis on classical texts and established traditions. Meanwhile, al-Muhibbin represents a modern pesantren with a collective management system, an integrated curriculum, and programs to strengthen foreign languages. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with Edmund Husserl's phenomenological analysis. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation. The results show that in a Husserlian phenomenological view, Qurʾānic reception in pesantren is seen as an intentional act of consciousness in which meaning emerges through lived experience rather than mere interaction with the text. Within this process, the Qurʾān functions as a dynamic noema shaped by communal practices and pedagogical structures, generating forms such as divine blessing, spiritual nobility, legitimized authority, and economic value. These findings show that Qur’anic meaning in pesantren is shaped through embodied practice and economic engagement. Further research may examine how these dimensions interact in pesantren and wider Muslim communities amid digitalization and modern educational reforms.


Penelitian tentang Living Qur’an di pesantren selama ini lebih banyak menekankan aspek eksegesis, estetis, dan fungsional, sementara perhatian terhadap bagaimana makna Al-Qur’an terbentuk melalui pengalaman hidup masih terbatas. Kajian sebelumnya juga belum menelaah bagaimana keterlibatan spiritual dan sosial-ekonomi terhadap Al-Qur’an melampaui tipologi Rafiq. Kesenjangan ini menunjukkan perlunya meninjau kembali resepsi Al-Qur’an dengan perspektif fenomenologis. Penelitian ini mengkaji dinamika resepsi Al-Qur’an di lingkungan pesantren dengan mengembangkan tipologi A. Rafiq—yang mencakup resepsi eksegetis, estetis, dan fungsional—melalui penambahan dua kategori baru, yaitu resepsi eternal dan resepsi ekonomi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merekonstruksi dan memperkaya kerangka Living Qur’an melalui praktik keseharian di pesantren yang memiliki karakteristik berbeda. Pesantren Langitan dan Pesantren al-Muhibbin Jatirogo, Tuban dipilih karena mewakili dua model utama pesantren di Indonesia, yakni salaf dan modern. Langitan dikenal sebagai pesantren salaf bersejarah yang mempertahankan metode klasik seperti sorogan, bandongan, dan halaqah, serta penekanan kuat pada kitab-kitab tradisional dan tradisi keagamaan. Sementara itu, al-Muhibbin merepresentasikan pesantren modern dengan sistem manajemen kolektif, kurikulum terpadu, dan program penguatan bahasa asing. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan analisis fenomenologi Edmund Husserl. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam pandangan fenomenologi Husserlian, resepsi Al-Qur’an di pesantren dipahami sebagai tindakan kesadaran intensional, di mana makna muncul melalui pengalaman hidup, bukan semata-mata interaksi tekstual. Dalam proses tersebut, Al-Qur’an berfungsi sebagai noema yang dinamis, dibentuk oleh praktik komunal dan struktur pedagogis, sehingga memunculkan bentuk-bentuk seperti berkah ilahi, kemuliaan spiritual, otoritas yang dilegitimasi, dan nilai ekonomi. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa makna Al-Qur’an di pesantren terbentuk melalui praktik keagamaan yang dihayati secara langsung dan melalui keterlibatan ekonomi komunitas. Penelitian lanjutan perlu mengkaji lebih jauh interaksi antara dimensi ekonomi dan transendental dari resepsi Al-Qur’an di pesantren maupun masyarakat Muslim yang lebih luas, khususnya dalam konteks digitalisasi dan kebijakan pendidikan modern.

Keywords


Husserlian phenomenology; Indonesian pesantren; living qur’an; qur’anic reception

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/eh.v27i2.35525

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