Ahkam “Dun” wa Dilalatuha As-Siyaqiyah

Aboaws Ibrahim Alshamsan

Abstract


تبين لنا من هذا البحث أن (دون) ظرف مبهم منصرف كثير ملازمة الظرفية غير أنه نقل للاسمية فأخبر به ووصف به بمعنى الشيء المنحط عن غيره لأن دلالة (دون) هي تقصير عن الغاية المكانية الحسية أو المعنوية، واستعمل (دون) اسم فعل أمر بمعنى خذ المتعدي أو بمعنى توقف أو تأخر اللازم، واتصفت جملته بالجمود فلا يتعدى مفعوله عليه، وأخذ من دون اسم تفضيل للدلالة على تفاوت المكان أو المكانة، واستعملت (دون) في السياق بدلالات وظيفية مختلفة فجاءت بمعنى (لا)، و(قبل)، و(قُدّام)، و(تحت)، و(غير) و(من غير)، وتتركب (دون) مع حرف الجر (من) لتكون بمعنى (غير)، و(قبل)، و(تحت)، و(لا)، و(سوى)، وتتركب (دون) مع حرف الجر الباء ليكون بمعنى (غير)، و(أقل). ويستفاد من هذا أنه لك استعمال (دون) أو (من دون) أو (بدون) إن أردت معنى (غير) أو (أقل).


It appears from this research that (Doon) is a vague adverb, and it always stays as an adverb. However, it has been also used as a noun. Therefore it could be used as a predicate. (Doon) describes things that are less than the others, either physically or socially. In addition, it is likely used as a command verb in the meaning of take or stop. The sentence that (Doon) comes in, is always in a specific order. (Doon) can also be used to express preference or disparity of places and ranks and it comes in the meaning of (not), (before), (in front), (below), (other than) and (without) depending on the context. (Doon) is an idiom when it combines with the preposition (from) in the meaning of (other than), (before), (under), (not) and (except), it also combines with the preposition (with) in the meaning of (other than), (before), (below), (not) and (except). Finally, you can use (Doon) or (Mn Doon) or (Bedoon) in the meaning of (other than) or (below).

Keywords


Doon;

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abu Hayyan, ‘Usir Ad-Din Muhammad bin Yusuf bin ‘Ali bin Yusuf bin Hayyan. (1420 H). Al-Bahr al-Muhit fi at-Tafsir (Tahqiq: Shadqi Muhammad Jamil, Cet. ke-3). Beirut: Dar al-Fikr.

Abu Hayyan, ‘Usir Ad-Din Muhammad bin Yusuf bin ‘Ali bin Yusuf bin Hayyan. (1996). At-Tadhyil wa at-Takmil fi Syarh Kitab at-Tashil (Tahqiq: Hasan Hindawi, Cet. ke-1). Damaskus: Dar al-Qalam (Jilid 1–5), sisanya: Dar Kunuz Isybilia.

Abū Nuʿaym al-Aṣbahānī, Aḥmad bin ʿAbd Allāh bin Aḥmad bin Isḥāq bin Mūsā bin Mahrān. (4791 M). Ḥilyat al-Awliyāʾ wa Ṭabaqāt al-Aṣfiyāʾ (Tahqiq: As-Saʿādah). [Tanpa cetakan]. Miṣr: Bījawār Muḥāfaẓah

Al Ahmad Nakri, Al-Qadi ‘Abd an-Nabi bin ‘Abd ar-Rasul. (2000). Dustur al-‘Ulama’ = Jami‘ al-‘Ulum fi Istilahat al-Funun (Cet. ke-1). Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyah.

Al Anbari, Abu al-Barakat Kamal ad-Din ‘Abd ar-Rahman bin Muhammad bin ‘Ubayd Allah al-Ansari. (2007). Al-Insaf fi Masa’il al-Khilaf bain an-Nahwiyyin: al-Basriyyin wa al-Kufiyyin (Tahqiq: Muhammad Muhyi ad-Din ‘Abd al-Hamid, Cet. ke-1). Beirut: al-Maktabah al-‘Asriyah.

Al-'Anwar ‘Alā Ṣiḥāḥ al-Atsār. (n.d.). Kairo: al-Maktabah al-‘Atiqah; Tunis: Dar at-Turath.

Al Azhari, Abu Mansur Muhammad bin Ahmad. (2001). Tahdhib al-Lughah (Tahqiq: Muhammad ‘Awad Mar‘ab, Cet. ke-1). Beirut: Dar Ihya’ at-Turath al-‘Arabi.

Al Baghdadi, ‘Abd al-Qadir bin ‘Umar. (1997). Khazanah al-Adab wa Lub Lubab Lisan al-‘Arab (Tahqiq & Syarh: ‘Abd as-Salam Muhammad Harun, Cet. ke-4). Cairo: Maktabah al-Khanji

Ad-Daqiqi, Taqiy ad-Din Sulaiman bin Banin bin Khalaf bin ‘Aud. (1985). Al-Ittifaq al-Mabani wa Iftiraq al-Ma‘ani (Tahqiq: Yahya ‘Abd ar-Ra’uf Jabir, Cet. ke-1). Yordania: Dar Imar

Al-Farāʾ, Abū Zakariyyāʾ Yaḥyā bin Ziyād bin ʿAbd Allāh bin Manẓūr ad-Dālamī. (1955). Maʿānī al-Qurʾān (Tahqiq: Aḥmad Yūsuf an-Najāti, Muḥammad ʿAlī an-Najjār, & ʿAbd al-Fattāḥ Ismāʿīl ash-Shalbī, Cet. ke-1). Mesir: Dār al-Miṣriyyah li at-Taʾlīf wa at-Tarjamah.

Al-Fakīhī, ʿAbd Allāh bin Aḥmad. (1988). Syarḥ Kitāb al-Ḥudūd fī an-Naḥw (Tahqiq: al-Mutawallī Ramaḍān Aḥmad ad-Dāmirī). Kairo: Maktabat Wahibah.

Al-Fārisī, Abū al-Ḥusayn Aḥmad ibn Fāris. (1979). Muʿjam Maqāyīs al-Lughah (Tahqiq: ʿAbd as-Salām Muḥammad Hārūn). Beirut: Dār al-Fikr.

Al-Fārisī, Abū al-Ḥusayn Aḥmad ibn Fāris. (1986). Mujmal al-Lughah (Dirāsah wa Tahqiq: Ẓāhir ʿAbd al-Muḥsin Sulṭān, Cet. ke-2). Beirut: Mu’assasah ar-Risālah.

Al-Farāhī, Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥasan bin Aḥmad bin ʿAbd al-Ghaffār. (1990). At-Taʿlīqāt ʿAlā Kitāb Sībawayh (Tahqiq: ʿIwaḍ bin Ḥamd al-Qūzī, Cet. ke-1). [Tempat tidak disebutkan].

Al-Farāhīdī, Abū ʿAbd ar-Raḥmān al-Khalīl bin Aḥmad bin ʿAmr bin Tamīm. (n.d.). Kitāb al-ʿAyn (Tahqiq: Mahdī al-Makhzūmī & Ibrāhīm as-Samarraʾī). Baghdad: Dār ar-Rashīd.

Al-Fayrūzābādī, Majd ad-Dīn Abū Ṭāhir Muḥammad bin Yaʿqūb. (2005). Al-Qāmūs al-Muḥīṭ (Tahqiq: Maktab Taḥqīq at-Turāth, Isyraf: Muḥammad Naʿīm al-Arquṣūṣī, Cet. ke-2). Beirut: Muʾassasah ar-Risālah liṭ-Ṭibāʿah wa an-Nashr wa at-Tawzīʿ.

Al-Fayūmī, Abū al-ʿAbbās Aḥmad bin Muḥammad bin ʿAlī. (n.d.). Al-Miṣbāḥ al-Munīr fī Gharīb ash-Sharḥ al-Kabīr. Beirut: al-Maktabah al-ʿIlmiyyah.

Al-Kāfawī, Abū al-Baqāʾ Ayyūb bin Mūsā al-Ḥusaynī al-Qarāmī. (1998). Al-Kulliyāt: Muʿjam fī al-Muṣṭalaḥāt wa al-Furūq al-Lughawiyyah (Tahqiq: ʿAdnān Dārwīsh). Beirut: Muʾassasah ar-Risālah.

Al Humairi, Nashwan bin Sa‘id. (1999). Syams al-‘Ulum wa Dawa’ Kalam al-‘Arab min al-Kulum (Tahqiq: Husayn bin ‘Abd Allah al-‘Umri, Muthir bin ‘Ali al-Iryani, & Yusuf Muhammad ‘Abd Allah, Cet. ke-1). Beirut: Dar al-Fikr al-Mu‘ashir.

Al-Ḥurawī, Abū ʿUbayd al-Qāsim bin Sallām bin ʿAbd Allāh. (4691 M). Gharīb al-Ḥadīth (Tahqiq: Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Maʿīd Khān, Cet. ke-1). Ḥaydarābād: Maṭbaʿah Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmāniyyah.

Al-Jalālayn, Jalāl ad-Dīn Muḥammad bin Aḥmad al-Maḥallī & Jalāl ad-Dīn ʿAbd ar-Raḥmān bin Abī Bakr as-Suyūṭī. (n.d.). Tafsīr al-Jalālayn (Cet. ke-1). Al-Qāhirah: Dār al-Ḥadīth.

Al Jawjari, Syams ad-Din Muhammad bin ‘Abd al-Mun‘im bin Muhammad. (2004). Syarh Syudhudh adh-Dhahab fi Ma‘rifah Kalam al-‘Arab (Tahqiq: Nawaf bin Jaza’ al-Harisi, Cet. ke-1). Saudi Arabia: ‘Imadah al-Bahth al-‘Ilmi bi al-Jami‘ah al-Islamiyah, Madinah al-Munawwarah.

Al Jauhari, Abu Nasr Isma‘il bin Hammad. (1987). As-Sihah: Taj al-Lughah wa Sihah al-‘Arabiyyah (Tahqiq: Ahmad ‘Abd al-Ghafur Ithar). Beirut: Dar al-‘Ilm li al-Malayin.

Al Jurjani, ‘Ali bin Muhammad bin ‘Ali az-Zayn. (1983). Kitab at-Ta‘rifat (Cet. ke-1). Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyah.

Al-Khatfa, Jarir bin ‘Atiyah bin Hadhifah. (1986). Diwan Jarir bi Syarh Muhammad bin Habib (Tahqiq: Nu’man Muhammad Amin Taha, Cet. ke-3). Kairo: Dar al-Ma‘arif.

Al-Mubarrid, Abū al-ʿAbbās Muḥammad bin Yazīd. (1994 M). Al-Muqtaḍab (Tahqiq: Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Khāliq ʿAẓīmah). Al-Qāhirah: al-Majlis al-Aʿlā li-Shuʾūn al-Islāmiyyah.

An-Naṣafī, Abū Ḥafṣ Najm ad-Dīn ʿUmar bin Muḥammad bin Aḥmad bin Ismāʿīl. (4981 M). Ṭalabat aṭ-Ṭalabah. [Tanpa cetakan]. Baghdād: al-Maṭbaʿah al-ʿĀmirah Maktabat al-Maṣnāʿ.

As-Sibti, Abu al-Fadl ‘Iyad bin Musa bin ‘Iyad bin ‘Amrun al-Yahshabi. (1978). Masyariq al-Anwar ‘ala Sihah al-Atsar. Kairo: al-Maktabah al-‘Atiqah; Tunis: Dar at-Turath

As-Sirāfī, Abū Saʿīd al-Ḥasan bin ʿAbd Allāh bin al-Marzbān. (2008). Syarḥ Kitāb Sībawayh (Tahqiq: Ahmad Hasan Mahdali & ʿAli Sayyid ʿAli, Cet. ke-1). Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah.

As-Suyūṭī, Jalāl ad-Dīn ʿAbd ar-Raḥmān bin Abī Bakr. (n.d.). Hamʿ al-Hawāmiʿ fī Syarḥ Jamʿ al-Jawāmiʿ (Tahqiq: ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd Ḥandāwī). Kairo: al-Maktabah at-Tawfiqiyyah

Asy-Syaukānī, Muḥammad bin ʿAlī bin Muḥammad bin ʿAbd Allāh. (1993). Nayl al-Awṭār (Tahqiq: ʿIṣām ad-Dīn asy-Syabībī, Cet. ke-1). Mesir: Dār al-Ḥadīts. Az-Zamakhshary, Abu al-Qasim Jar Allah Mahmud bin ‘Amr bin Ahmad. (1971). Al-Faiq fi Gharib al-Hadits wa al-Atsar (Tahqiq: ‘Ali Muhammad al-Bajawi & Muhammad Abu al-Fadl Ibrahim, Cet. ke-2). Kairo: ‘Isa al-Babi al-Halabi.

Az-Zubaydi, Abu al-Fayd Muhammad bin Muhammad bin ‘Abd ar-Razzaq al-Husayni. (1965). Taj al-‘Arus min Jawahir al-Qamus (Cet. ke-1). Kuwait: Wizarah al-Irsyad wa al-Anba’

Ibn ʿAbbād, aṣ-Ṣāḥib, Abū al-Qāsim Ismāʿīl bin al-ʿAbbās bin Aḥmad bin Idrīs. (1994). Al-Muḥīṭ fī al-Lughah (Tahqiq: Muḥammad Ḥasan ʿAlī Yāsīn). Beirut: ʿĀlam al-Kutub.

Ibn Al-Athir, Majd ad-Din Abu as-Sa‘adat al-Mubarak bin Muhammad bin ‘Abd al-Karim asy-Syibani al-Jazari. (1979). An-Nihayah fi Gharib al-Hadits wa al-Atsar (Tahqiq & Dirasah: Tahir Ahmad az-Zawi & Mahmud Muhammad at-Tanahi). Beirut: al-Maktabah al-‘Ilmiyah.

Ibn al-Warrāq, Abū al-Ḥasan Muḥammad bin ʿAbd Allāh bin al-ʿAbbās. (1999 M). ʿIlal an-Naḥw (Tahqiq: Maḥmūd Jāsim Muḥammad ad-Darwīsh, Cet. ke-1). ar-Riyāḍ: Maktabat ar-Rushd.

Ibn Qutaybah, Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh bin Muslim ad-Dīnūrī. (1979). Gharīb al-Ḥadīth (Tahqiq: ʿAbd Allāh al-Jabūrī, Cet. ke-1). Baghdad: Maṭbaʿah al-ʿĀnī.

Ibn Saydah, Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī bin Ismāʿīl. (2000). Al-Muḥkam wa al-Muḥīṭ al-Aʿẓam (Tahqiq: ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd Ḥandāwī, Cet. ke-1). Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah.

Ibn Saydah, Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī bin Ismāʿīl. (1996). Al-Mukhāṣṣaṣ (Tahqiq: Khalīl Ibrāhīm Jafal, Cet. ke-1). Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ at-Turāth al-ʿArabī

Ibn As-Sirrāj, Abū Bakr Muḥammad bin as-Sirriy bin Sahl. (1996). Al-Uṣūl fī an-Naḥw (Tahqiq: ʿAbd al-Ḥusayn al-Faṭalī, Cet. ke-3). Beirut: Mu’assasah ar-Risālah.

Ibn Darid, Abu Bakr Muhammad bin al-Hasan. (1987). Jumhurah al-Lughah (Tahqiq: Ramzi Munir Bi Ilbaky, Cet. ke-1). Beirut: Dar al-‘Ilm li al-Malayin

Ibn Jinni, Abu al-Fath ‘Uthman. (1952). Al-Khasha’is (Tahqiq: ‘Ali Muhammad an-Najjar, Cet. ke-4). Mesir: al-Hay’ah al-Misriyyah al-‘Ammah li al-Kitab.

Ibn Jinni, Abu al-Fath ‘Uthman. (1999). Al-Muhtasab fi Tabyiin Wujuh Syawadh al-Qira’at wa al-I‘dhlah ‘Anha (Cet. ke-1). Mesir: Wizarah al-Awqaf – al-Majlis al-A‘la li Shu’un al-Islamiyah.

Khalid al-Azhari, bin ‘Abd Allah bin Abi Bakr bin Muhammad al-Jarjawi. (2000). Syarh at-Tasrih ‘Ala at-Tawdih aw at-Tasrih bimadmun at-Tawdih fi an-Nahwi (Cet. ke-1). Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyah.

Naẓīr al-Jaysh, Muḥammad bin Yūsuf bin Aḥmad Muḥibb ad-Dīn al-Ḥalabī. (2007 M). Syarḥ at-Tashīl al-Musammā Tamhīd al-Qawāʿid bi-Syarḥ Tashīl al-Fawāʾid (Tahqiq: ʿAlī Muḥammad Fākhir wa Akharīn, Cet. ke-1). al-Qāhirah: Dār as-Salām liṭ-Ṭibāʿah wa an-Nashr wa at-Tawzīʿ wa at-Tarjamah.

Sībawayh, Abū Bashar ʿAmr bin ʿUthmān bin Qunbur. (1988). Kitāb Sībawayh (Tahqiq: ʿAbd as-Salām Muḥammad Hārūn, Cet. ke-3). Kairo: Maktabah al-Khanjī.

Umar, Aḥmad Mukhtār. (2008). Muʿjam aṣ-Ṣawāb al-Lughawī (Cet. ke-1). Kairo: ʿĀlam al-Kutub.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/el.v18i2.3674

Editorial Office:  Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
Jalan Gajayana No.50, Malang, Indonesia 65144

CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

This work is licensed under a CC-BY-NC-SA.
ISSN: 1858-4357 | e-ISSN: 2356-1734

Phone: +6282333435641
Fax: (0341) 572533
Email: elharakah@uin-malang.ac.id
elharakahjurnal@gmail.com
Website: http://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/infopub
Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang