Islamic Ecology Tradition, Independence, and Global Contribution
Abstract
The escalating global environmental crisis demands a reevaluation of humanity's relationship with nature, where scientific approaches must be complemented by ethical and spiritual frameworks. Islam provides a comprehensive foundation for addressing these challenges through the Qur’an and Sunnah emphasizing Tawhid (divine unity), which imbues all creation with intrinsic value as signs of God; khalifah (vicegerency), positioning humans as accountable trustees of the Earth; and mizan (cosmic balance), promoting moderation and prohibiting waste (israf) and corruption (fasad). This study examines the theological foundations of Islamic environmental ethics, critiques anthropocentric interpretations of khalīfah, and develops a holistic Islamic ecotheology grounded in authoritative sources. It also contrasts Islamic ecology with dominant Western paradigms associated with anthropocentrism, capitalism, and the secular desacralization of nature. This research employed a qualitative multi-method approach using normative-hermeneutical, historical, comparative, and critical discourse analysis of Qur’anic and Hadith sources. Through eco-critical hermeneutics, selected texts were analyzed linguistically and contextually alongside classical tafsīr and contemporary environmental issues, while emphasizing maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah and reinterpreting khalīfah as accountable stewardship rather than domination. Drawing on historical records from the Islamic Golden Age and contemporary initiatives in Muslim-majority societies, including Indonesia’s Nahdlatul Ulama intellectuals, the study proposes an “Islamic Green Policy Model” encompassing green Islamic finance, Sharia-compliant environmental policies, educational reform, faith-based environmental campaigns, and stronger intra-Islamic cooperation. The study concludes that authentic Islamic ecology offers a spiritually grounded and ethically coherent framework for advancing global sustainability, resilience, and community-based environmental action. The study recommends Sharia-based sustainability policies, environmental education, faith-based activism, and further research on Islamic ecological ethics implementation.
Krisis lingkungan global yang semakin meningkat menuntut adanya peninjauan kembali terhadap hubungan manusia dengan alam, di mana pendekatan ilmiah perlu dilengkapi dengan kerangka etis dan spiritual. Islam menyediakan landasan yang komprehensif untuk menghadapi tantangan tersebut melalui Al-Qur’an dan Sunnah dengan menekankan konsep tawḥīd (kesatuan ilahi), yang memandang seluruh ciptaan memiliki nilai intrinsik sebagai tanda-tanda kebesaran Tuhan; khalīfah (perwakilan/pengelola bumi), yang menempatkan manusia sebagai pemegang amanah yang bertanggung jawab atas bumi; serta mīzān (keseimbangan kosmis), yang mendorong moderasi dan melarang pemborosan (isrāf) serta kerusakan (fasād). Penelitian ini mengkaji landasan teologis etika lingkungan Islam, mengkritisi interpretasi antropo¬sentrik terhadap konsep khalīfah, serta mengembangkan ekoteologi Islam yang holistik berdasarkan sumber-sumber otoritatif. Penelitian ini juga membandingkan ekologi Islam dengan paradigma Barat dominan yang berkaitan dengan antroposentrisme, kapitalisme, dan desakralisasi sekuler terhadap alam. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif multi-metode melalui analisis normatif-hermeneutik, historis, komparatif, dan analisis wacana kritis terhadap sumber Al-Qur’an dan Hadis. Melalui hermeneutika ekokritis, teks-teks terpilih dianalisis secara linguistik dan kontekstual dengan mengaitkannya pada tafsir klasik dan isu-isu lingkungan kontemporer, sambil menekankan maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah serta menafsirkan kembali khalīfah sebagai amanah dan tanggung jawab, bukan dominasi. Dengan merujuk pada catatan sejarah Zaman Keemasan Islam dan berbagai inisiatif kontemporer di masyarakat mayoritas Muslim, termasuk intelektual progresif Nahdlatul Ulama di Indonesia, penelitian ini menawarkan “Model Kebijakan Hijau Islam” yang mencakup keuangan hijau berbasis Islam, kebijakan lingkungan yang sesuai syariah, reformasi pendidikan, kampanye lingkungan berbasis keagamaan, dan penguatan kerja sama intra-Islam. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ekologi Islam yang autentik menawarkan kerangka yang berlandaskan spiritualitas dan etika yang koheren untuk mendorong keberlanjutan global, ketahanan sosial, dan aksi lingkungan berbasis komunitas. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan kebijakan keberlanjutan berbasis syariah, pendidikan lingkungan, aktivisme berbasis keagamaan, serta penelitian lanjutan mengenai implementasi etika ekologi Islam.
Keywords
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/eh.v28i1.40502
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