Mesopotamia dan Mesir Kuno: Awal Peradaban Dunia

Mustofa Umar

Abstract


The existence of civilization cannot be separated from the existence of human beings. Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt were the centers of the oldest civilization in the world. Both Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt had typical characteristics. Mesopotamian civilization was more non-physical compared to Egypt. Sciences were emphasized more in Mesopotamia, while Egypt emphasized religious aspects. Political systems in both areas were almost the same, that is, absolutism and considered the king as god. Mesopotamia was more humanist than Egypt. The effectiveness of both civilizations was determined much by political power and economy.


Keberadaan peradaban tak lepas dari keberadaan manusia. Mesopotamia dan Mesir Kuno adalah pusat peradaban tertua di dunia. Mesopotamia dan Mesir Kuno memiliki ciri khas. Peradaban Mesopotamia lebih bersifat non fisik dibandingkan dengan Mesir. Ilmu pengetahuan lebih ditekankan di Mesopotamia, sementara Mesir menekankan aspek religius. Sistem politik di kedua wilayah hampir sama, yaitu absolutisme dan menganggap raja sebagai tuhan. Mesopotamia lebih humanis daripada Mesir. Keefektifan kedua peradaban itu ditentukan oleh kekuatan politik dan ekonomi.

Keywords


civilization, kingdom, ancient egypt, mesopotamia

Full Text:

PDF

References


Al Faruqi, I. R. (1974). Historical atlas of the religions of the world. New York: Macmillan Publishing.

Bell, C. (1997). Ritual: Perspectives and dimensions. New York: Oxford University Press.

Bogardus, E. S. (1995). The development of social thought. USA: Longmans, Green and Co.

David, K. (1960). Human society. New York: The Macmillan Company.

Ember, C. R., & Ember, M. (1996). Anthropology. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc.

Hoebel, E. A. (1958). Man in the primitive world. USA: McGraw-Hill.

Krane, K. S. (1989). Fisika modern. Jakarta: UI Press.

Ma’arif, S. (1996). Ma’arif: Peta intelektual Muslim. Bandung: Mizan.

Murata, S. (1997). The Tao of Islam. Bandung: Mizan.

Schuon, F. (1969). Understanding Islam. London: Unwin Paperback.

Smar, N. (1998). The world religions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Trever, A. F. (1963). History of ancient civilization. USA: Bracc Company.

Wallbank, T. W., & Taylor, A. (1949). Civilization past and present. New York: Scott, Foresman and Company.

Wolff, B. C. (n.d.). A history of civilizations. New Jersey.

Young, L. B. (1970). Evolution of man. New York: Oxford University Press.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/el.v0i0.434

Editorial Office:  Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
Jalan Gajayana No.50, Malang, Indonesia 65144

CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

This work is licensed under a CC-BY-NC-SA.
ISSN: 1858-4357 | e-ISSN: 2356-1734

Phone: +6282333435641
Fax: (0341) 572533
Email: elharakah@uin-malang.ac.id
elharakahjurnal@gmail.com
Website: http://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/infopub
Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang