At-Taghayyur An-Nutqiy fi Mufradat Al-Arabiyah Ad-Dakhilah fi Al-Lughah Al-Indunisiah

Torkis Lubis

Abstract


One of language realities is that Indonesian is affected by Arabic. It is proven by many Arabic vocabulary items which are absorbed in Indonesian. However, after adopting the Arabic words into Indonesian, it has changed in Phonemics, Syntax, and Semantics. In Phonemics, the changing of Arabic to Indonesian can be seen in “ث” which becomes “s”; “ح” to “h”; “ذ” to “z”; “ص” to “s”; “ض” to “d”; “ط” to “t”; “ظ” to “z”; “ع” to “_’_”;  “غ” to “g”; and “ق” to “k”. Besides, there are still many changes in the Phonemics that is the change of alphabetic sound which has harakat becomes non-harakat and vice versa. For example, the sound of “a” becomes “e”, the lost of space and long sound, tasydid becomes non-tasydid, the unsounded of “ء” in the end of the word, and many more.


Salah satu realitas bahasa adalah bahwa Bahasa Indonesia terpengaruh dengan Bahasa Arab. Hal itu dapat dibuktikan dengan banyaknya kosa kata Arab yang diserap Bahasa Indonesia. Tapi kosa kata Arab tersebut setelah diadopsi Bahasa Indonesia mengalami berbagai perubahan di dalam sistem bunyi, sintaksis, dan semantik. Di dalam sistem bunyi kosa kata Bahasa Arab yang diadopsi Bahasa Indonesia mengalami perubahan, seperti bunyi “ث” menjadi bunyi “s”; bunyi “ح” menjadi “h”; bunyi “ذ” beralih ke bunyi “z”; bunyi “ص” menjadi “s”; bunyi “ض” menjadi “d”; bunyi “ط” beralih menjadi “t”; bunyi “ظ” beralih ke bunyi “z”; bunyi “ع” beralih ke bunyi “_’_”;  bunyi “غ” menjadi “g”; dan bunyi “ق” menjadi “k”. Di samping itu, ada perubahan lain yang berkaitan dengan sistem bunyi, yaitu perubahan bunyi huruf yang berharakat menjadi tidak berharakat atau sebaliknya. Bunyi vokal “a” menjadi bunyi vokal “e”. Bunyi jeda lama menjadi biasa, bunyi tasydid beralih ke bunyi tanpa tasydid, dan tidak adanya bunyi “ء” yang ada di akhir kata dan lain sebagainya.

Keywords


Arabic; Indonesian; language adoption; phonemics

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/el.v9i3.4647

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