The Exploration of Pesantren - Based Entrepreneurship Development Strategy Through Teleology Approach

Siswanto Siswanto

Abstract


Cultural difference determines the strategies used for entrepreneurship development. Pesantren (Islamic boarding school) as the oldest educational institution in Indonesia has a unique culture. Pesantren-based entrepreneurship development must be equipped with different characteristics of strategy. The purpose of this research is to explore the entrepreneurship development strategy based on the culture of pesantren through teleology approach. The subject of the current research is Pondok Pesantren Sidogiri (PPS) Pasuruan. It employs case study analysis. Interview and observation methods are used to collect the data. The teleology approach is used to understand entrepreneurial strategies under some perspectives which include; the involved subjects, the projected achievements, and the entrepreneurship development strategy based on the culture of pesantren. The results demonstrate the important role of kiai (pesantren leader), santri (students), and alumni in the development of entrepreneurship in Pondok Pesantren Sidogiri. They seek independence for the intention of worship. They practice the value of tabligh (transparent) and fathanah (professional) for institutional management called Koperasi Syariah (sharia cooperative). In addition, the administrative managers hold the values of shidiq (honest) and amanah (trustworthy). In conclusion, the strategy of pesantren-based entrepreneurship development has typical characteristics of pesantren.


Perbedaan budaya menentukan perbedaan strategi pengembangan wirausaha. Pesantren sebagai lembaga pendidikan tertua di Indonesia memiliki budaya yang unik. Pengembangan wirausaha berbasis budaya pesantren tentunya memiliki karakteristik strategi yang berbeda. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengeksplorasi strategi pengembangan wirausaha berbasis budaya pesantren melalui pendekatan teleologi. Situs penelitian di Pondok Pesantren Sidogiri (PPS) Pasuruan. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis studi kasus. Metode wawancara dan observasi digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data yang akan dianalisis. Pendekatan teleologi berguna untuk memahami strategi wirausaha berdasarkan perspektif yang meliputi; subyek yang terlibat, prestasi yang diproyeksikan, dan strategi pengembangan wirausaha berbasis budaya pesantren. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peran penting kiai, santri, dan alumni dalam pengembangan wirausaha di Pondok Pesantren Sidogiri. Kemandirian untuk niat ibadah menjadi prestasi yang diharapkan. Menerapkan nilai-nilai tabligh (transparansi) dan fathanah (profesional) sebagai strategi pengelolaan lembaga yang berbentuk koperasi syariah. Disamping itu, untuk pengelola dibudayakan nilai-nilai shiddiq (kejujuran) dan amanah (dapat dipercaya). Strategi pengembangan wirausaha berbasis budaya pesantren ini memang memiliki karakteristik yang khas pesantren.

Keywords


Culture of pesantren; entrepreneurship strategy; teleology

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abidin, Z., & Basymeleh, F. F. (2010). Langkah emas pengusaha Muslim. Jakarta: Penerbit Al-Manar.

Al-Utsaimin, M. b. S. (2005). Syarah adab dan manfaat menuntut ilmu (A. Sabiq, Penerj.). Jakarta: Pustaka Imam Asy-Syafi’i.

Alvarez, S. A., & Barney, J. B. (2007). Discovery and creation: Alternative theories of entrepreneurial action. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 1(1–2), 11–26. https://doi.org/10.1002/sej.4

Antonio, M. S., Mahfudz, S., Ali, N. M., & Khairunnas. (2010a). Ensiklopedia leadership and manajemen Muhammad SAW “The Super Leader Super Manager” (Buku 2: Bisnis dan Kewirausahaan). Jakarta: TAZKIA Publishing.

Antoncic, B., & Hisrich, R. D. (2003). Clarifying the intrapreneurship concept. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 10(1), 7–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/14626000310461187

At-Tuwaijry, M. A. (2007). Makna iman dan Islam (team islamhouse, Penerj.). http://www.islamhouse.com

Bakhri, M. S. (2004). Kebangkitan ekonomi syariah di pesantren: Belajar dari pengalaman Sidogiri. Pasuruan: Cipta Pustaka Utama.

Bakhri, M. S. (2015). Sukses koperasi di Sidogiri: The best Islamic microfinance practice di pesantren. Pasuruan: Cipta Pustaka Utama.

Buang, N. A., & Yusof, Y. M. (2006). Motivating factor that influence class F contractor to become entrepreneurs. Jurnal Pendidikan, 31, 107–121.

Burrell, G., & Morgan, G. (1994). Sociological paradigms and organisational analysis: Elements of the sociology of corporate life. London: Heinemann.

Carsrud, A., & Brännback, M. (2011). Entrepreneurial motivations: What do we still need to know? Journal of Small Business Management, 49(1), 9–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2010.00312.x

Chapra, U. (2000). Sistem moneter Islam. Jakarta: Gema Insana Press.

Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Daft, R. L. (2000). Management (5th ed.). Fort Worth, TX: The Dryden Press.

Davidson, P. (2005). Methodological approaches to entrepreneurship: Past research and suggestions for the future. Small Enterprise Research, 13(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.5172/ser.13.1.1

Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2009). Handbook of qualitative research (Dariyatno et al., Penerj.). Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.

Department of Communications and Information of East Java. (2012). Omzet Kopotren Sidogiri tembus angka Rp 1,8 triliun. http://kominfo.jatimprov.go.id/read/umum/30215

Dhofier, Z. (2011). Tradisi pesantren: Studi pandangan hidup kiai dan visinya mengenai masa depan Indonesia. Jakarta: LP3ES.

Djakfar, M. (2017). Guarding sharia economy in Indonesia: Optimization of contemporary ulama authority and local wisdom. Jurnal El Harakah, 19(2), 209–226. https://doi.org/10.18860/el.v19i2.4663

Dukes, S. (1984). Phenomenology methodology in the human sciences. Journal of Religion and Health, 23(3), 197–203. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00990785

Edelman, L. F., Brush, C. G., Manolova, C. S., & Greene, P. G. (2010). Start-up motivation and growth intention of minority nascent entrepreneurs. Journal of Small Business Management, 48(2), 174–196. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2010.00291.x

Fereidouni, H. G., Masron, T. A., Nikbin, D., & Amiri, R. E. (2010). Consequences of external environment on entrepreneurial motivation in Iran. Asian Academy of Management Journal, 15(2), 175–196.

Goeztav, D. (2012). Menggagas pesantren sebagai pusat peradaban di Indonesia. http://the-jasspro.blogspot.com/2012/04/menggagas-pesantren-sebagai-pusat.html

Halim, A. (2009). Menggali potensi ekonomi pondok pesantren: Manajemen pesantren (Halim, A., Suhartini, Arif, M. C., & Sunato, Eds.). Yogyakarta: LKiS Printing Cemerlang.

Huarng, K. H., & Yu, T. H. K. (2011). Kewirausahaan, process innovation and value creation by a non-profit SME. Management Decision, 49(2). https://doi.org/10.1108/00251741111109186

Ireland, R. D., Hitt, M. A., Camp, S. M., & Sexton, D. L. (2001). Integrating entrepreneurship and strategic management actions to create firm wealth. Academy of Management Executive, 15(1), 49–63. https://doi.org/10.5465/ame.2001.4251393

Jakee, K., & Spong, H. (2003). Praxeology, entrepreneurship and the market process: A review of Kirzner’s contribution. Journal of the History of Economic Thought, 25(4), 461–486. https://doi.org/10.1080/1042771032000146841

Kao, J. (1989). Kewirausahaan, creativity and organization: Text, cases and readings. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Katsikis, I. N., & Kyrgidou, L. P. (2009). Entrepreneurship in teleology: The variety of the forms. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 15(2), 209–231. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552550910944554

Kauanui, S. K., Thomas, K. D., Sherman, C. L., Waters, G. R., & Gilea, M. (2010). An exploration of entrepreneurship and play. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 23(1), 51–70. https://doi.org/10.1108/09534811011017199

Kelana, M. (2008). Muhammad SAW is the great entrepreneur. Bandung: Dinar Publishing.

Kowi, A., & Kole, J. (1991). An Islamic perspective on expectancy-valence theory. The American Journal of Islamic Social Science, 8(3).

Kurnia, D. (2017, Desember 25). BMT UGT Sidogiri Pasuruan catat pertumbuhan positif. Diakses dari http://www.republika.co.id/berita/ekonomi/syariah-ekonomi/17/12/25

Littunen, H. (2000). Entrepreneurship and the characteristics of the entrepreneurial personality. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 6(6), 295–310. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552550010362741

Luke, B., Kearins, K., & Verreynne, M. L. (2011). Developing a conceptual framework of strategic entrepreneurship. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 17(3), 314–337. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552551111130736

Marhumah, E. (2010). Konstruksi sosial gender di pesantren: Studi kasus kiai atas wacana perempuan. Yogyakarta: LKiS.

McShane, S. L., & Von Glinow, M. A. (2003). Organizational behavior (2nd ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill Irwin.

Morris, M. F., Kuratko, D. F., & Schindehutte, M. (2001). Towards integration: Understanding entrepreneurship through frameworks. Entrepreneurship and Innovation, February, 35–49.

Parker, S. C. (2005). The economics of entrepreneurship: What we know and what we don’t. Boston: Now Publisher Inc.

Pillis, E. D., & Reardon, K. K. (2007). The influence of personality traits and persuasive message on entrepreneurial intention. Career Development International, 12(4), 382–396. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620430710756762

Reginal, A. R., & Mawardi, I. (2014). Kewirausahaan sosial pada Pondok Pesantren Sidogiri Pasuruan. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Social, and Technology, 1(5).

Robbins, S. P. (2006). Organizational behavior (10th ed.; B. Molan, Pent.). Jakarta: PT Indeks.

Sandelowski, M. (1995). Sample size in qualitative research. Research in Nursing and Health, 18, 179–183. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.4770180211

Shane, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 217–226. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2000.2791611

Shane, S., Locke, E. A., & Collins, C. J. (2003). Entrepreneurial motivation. Human Resource Management Review, 13(2), 257–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-4822(03)00017-2

Siswanto. (2013). Motivasi wirausaha di Pondok Pesantren Sidogiri (Disertasi, FEB UB Malang).

Siswanto, & Alim, M. A. (2015). Konstruksi makna motif tindakan pengembangan Islamic microfinance berdasarkan perspektif kiai. Malang: Penelitian Kompetitif LP2M UIN Maliki Malang.

Syam, N. (2009). Kepemimpinan dalam pengembangan pondok pesantren: Manajemen pesantren (Halim, A., Suhartini, Arif, M. C., & Sunato, Eds.). Yogyakarta: LKiS Printing Cemerlang.

Triyuwono, I. (2006). Akuntansi syariah: Perspektif, metodologi, dan teori. Jakarta: RajaGrafindo Persada.

Valliere, D. (2008). Exploring Buddhist influence on the entrepreneurship decision. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 14(3), 172–186. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552550810874682

Wren, D. A. (1994). The evolution of management thought (4th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Yasmani. (2002). Modernisasi pesantren: Kritikan Nurcholis Madjid terhadap pendidikan Islam tradisional. Jakarta: Ciputat Press.

Yazilmiwati, & Ilhaamie. (2011). The motivation of Islamic studies’ student to be entrepreneurs: A study of undergraduate and postgraduate students in a public university. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Business and Economic Research (2nd ICBER 2011).

Yin, R. K. (2009). Case study research: Design and methods (4th ed.). London: Sage Publications.

Yin, R. K. (2015). Studi kasus: Desain dan metode (M. D. Mudzakir, Pent.). Jakarta: RajaGrafindo Persada.

Zahra, S., & Dess, G. (2001). Entrepreneurship as a field of research: Encouraging dialogue and debate. Academy of Management Review, 26(1), 8–11. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2001.4011926

Zain, M. A. (2009). Model-model perkembangan ekonomi pondok pesantren: Pengalaman Pondok Pesantren Sidogiri. Dalam Halim, A., Suhartini, Arif, M. C., & Sunato (Eds.), Manajemen pesantren (hlm. ...). Yogyakarta: LKiS Printing Cemerlang.

Zain, M. A. (2016). Membangun ekonomi keummatan menuju terwujudnya baldatun thayyibatun wa rabbun ghafur: Model pengembangan eksya berbasis sosial. Konferensi Regional PDRB, Surabaya.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/el.v20i2.5253

Editorial Office:  Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
Jalan Gajayana No.50, Malang, Indonesia 65144

CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

This work is licensed under a CC-BY-NC-SA.
ISSN: 1858-4357 | e-ISSN: 2356-1734

Phone: +6282333435641
Fax: (0341) 572533
Email: elharakah@uin-malang.ac.id
elharakahjurnal@gmail.com
Website: http://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/infopub
Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang