Penyelesaian Sengketa Harta Bersama Pasiva di Pengadilan Agama Malang Perspektif Teori Maqasid Syariah Jasser Auda

Abstract

Abstract:

This study aims to analyze how judges consider the settlement of joint assets disputes in the Malang Regency Religious Courts and how to resolve disputes over joint assets according to Jasser Auda's Maqasid Syariah theory. This research is an empirical research type, the research location is in the Malang Regency Religious Court, using a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data was collected by using interview, observation and documentation techniques. The data analysis technique begins with checking the validity of the data using source triangulation, data presentation. The results of this study. First: The consideration of the judges of the Malang Regency Religious Court, regarding joint assets that are pledged as collateral can be sued, because if you have to wait for the maturity of 9 years, then it is feared that the installment period will only be the burden of one party, even though according to the Supreme Court's decision Number 400 K/AG/ 2014, that the joint assets that are glorified in the Bank have not been paid off in installments, then the joint property claim cannot be accepted. Second: According to Jasser Auda's Maqasid Syariah theory, 6 features of a systems approach are used, namely: 1) Cognitive features, that the settlement of joint assets with liabilities is not explicitly explained in the Qur'an and hadith, so it requires an understanding of ratios. 2) Overall features, understanding all issues of joint property disputes and liabilities from judges & litigants 3) Openness feature, data sources must be clear and transparent. 4) The hierarchical features are interrelated, the apparatus of the Religious Courts is interrelated. 5) Multi-dimensionality feature, the litigants are unable to pay off their debts, the Bank has the right to auction the house. 6) The feature of intent, prioritizing legal certainty & upholding the values of justice.

Keywords: joint property; religious courts; dispute resolution.

Abstrak:

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa bagaimana pertimbangan hakim terhadap penyelesaian sengketa harta bersama pasiva di Pengadilan Agama Kabupaten Malang dan bagaimana penyelesaian sengketa harta bersama pasiva menurut teori Maqasid Syariah Jasser Auda. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian empiris, lokasi penelitian di Pengadilan Agama Kabupaten Malang, menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan rancangan studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data diawali dengan pengecekan keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi sumber, penyajian data. Hasil penelitian ini. Pertama: Pertimbangan hakim Pengadilan Agama Kabupaten Malang, tentang harta bersama yang diagunkan dapat digugat, sebab jika harus menunggu jatoh tempo selama 9 tahun, maka dikhawatirkan dalam masa angsurannya hanya menjadi beban salah satu pihak, padahal menurut putusan Mahkamah Agung  Nomor 400 K/AG/2014, bahwa harta bersama yang diagungkan di Bank masih belum lunas cicilannya, maka gugatan harta bersama tidak dapat diterima. Kedua: Menurut teori Maqasid Syariah Jasser Auda meggunakan 6 fitur pendekatan sistem, yaitu: 1) Fitur kognitif, bahwa penyelesaian harta bersama pasiva tidak dijelaskan secara eksplisit dalam al-Quran dan hadist, maka membutukan pemahaman rasio. 2) Fitur kemenyeluruhan, memahami seluruh permasalahan sengketa harta bersama pasiva dari hakim & para pihak berperkara 3) Fitur keterbukaan, sumber data harus jelas dan trasparansi. 4) Fitur hirarki saling berkaitan, antara aparatur Pengadilan Agama saling berkaitan. 5) Fitur multi dimesionalitas, para pihak berperkara tidak mampu untuk melunasi hutangnya, maka pihak Bank berhak melelang rumahnya. 6) Fitur kebermaksudan, lebih mengedepankan kepastian hukum & menjunjung nilai-nilai keadilan.

Kata Kunci: harta bersama; pengadilan agama; penyelesaian sengketa.