EXCHANGING MASLAHAH BETWEEN LANDOWNERS AND LAND TENANTS: The Practice of Sandak-Tanggep in Pringgasela District

H. Zainal Arifin Haji Munir

Abstract


Sandak-tanggep is an agreement between penyandak (landowner/Rahin) by binding himself to hand over the benefits of the land to the penanggep (land tenant/Murtahin) for certain period followed by cash payment as a reward. Penyandak still has the right to redeem the land from the Penanggep. Sandak-tanggep does not always work smoothly. One party could transfer the lease to another within contract period. This study presents the practice of sandak-tanggep that is commonly done in managing the rice fields and gardens in Pringgasela District, which is not implemented on any other items. The study employs qualitative descriptive method by directly interviewing the people who do sandak-tanggep and doing observation. The secondary data are from the documents and writings related to the current topic. Both are in the form of books and articles. The results show, many people practice this tradition using verbal agreements, that often causes violations of rights and obligations from both parties. This practice is significantly similar with pawn and customary law. The difference lies in the economic conditions between penyandak and penanggep that are inversely proportional to the pawn. This article is very useful in formulating legal policy, especially its application to muamalah practice.

Sandak-tanggep adalah suatu perjanjian antara Penyandak (Rahin) dengan mengikatkan dirinya untuk menyerahkan manfaat tanah kepada Penanggep (Murtahin) selama waktu tertentu diikuti pembayaran tunai sebagai imbalannya. Penyandak tetap berhak untuk menebus kembali tanah tersebut dari pihak Penanggep. Praktik sandak-tanggep yang terjadi tidak selalu berjalan sebagaimana mestinya, bisa saja salah satu pihak mengalihkan hak guna sewa kepada pihak lain ketika akad masih berlangsung. Penelitian ini bertujuan menyajikan model praktik yang umum sering dilakukan di Kecamatan Pringgasela terhadap tanah sawah maupun kebun ialah praktik sandak-tanggep bahkan tidak dilakukan pada barang lainnya. Metode deskriptif kualitatif dilakukan melalui wawancara dan observasi secara langsung kepada masyarakat yang melakukan praktik sandak-tanggep. Data sekunder berasal dari dokumen maupun tulisan berkaitan dengan topik penelitian, baik berupa buku maupun artikel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jika masih banyak masyarakat yang melaksanakan praktik ini dengan perjanjian secara lisan, sehingga menyebabkan pelanggaran hak dan kewajiban dari kedua belah pihak. Praktik ini mempunyai kemiripan signifikan dengan gadai dan hukum adat, perbedaannya terletak pada kondisi ekonomi antara penanggep dan penyandak berbanding terbalik dengan gadai. Article ini sangat bermanfaat dalam merumuskan kebijakan hukum, terutama pengaplikasiannya pada praktik muamalah.


Keywords


sandak-tanggep; Islamic law; landowner; maslahah;

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/j.v13i1.15027

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