RIBA AND GHARAR ON DIGITAL PAYMENT APPLICATIONS: Comparison Between Malaysia And Indonesia
Abstract
Malaysia and Indonesia have muslim-majority population, encourage the financial sector to provide services that is in line with sharia, including digital payment instruments. This study aims to compare riba and gharar on digital payment applications in Malaysia and Indonesia. This research is normative juridical research with conceptual and comparative approaches. The main part of the focus, first, Securities Commission Malaysia has divided digital currencies into two categories, namely digital currencies based on technology without underlying assets and the ones based on riba goods. For the former currencies, it is categorized as urudh and is not considered a currency from sharia point of view, nor it is a riba commodity. Second, Based on Islamic law, the use of digital payment applications between Malaysia and Indonesia is permissible. Riba issues can occur if the floating funds stored at the service provider are used improperly. Floating funds should not get any additional to avoid riba. Lucky draws and lottery given after doing top-up are riba because of the uncertainty. Digital payments are developing both in Malaysia and Indonesia so this research can provide an overview of the differences between riba and gharar in digital payment instruments in both countries and it’s law.
Malaysia dan Indonesia, negara dengan populasi mayoritas muslim, mendorong sektor keuangan untuk menyediakan layanan yang tidak bertentangan dengan syariah, termasuk alat pembayaran digital. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan perbandingan riba dan gharar pada aplikasi pembayaran digital di Malaysia dan Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual dan perbandingan. Bagian utama dari focus pertama, Keamanan Malaysia telah membagi mata uang digital menjadi dua kategori, yaitu mata uang digital berdasarkan teknologi tanpa aset dasar dan mata uang digital berdasarkan barang riba. Untuk mata uang tanpa aset dasar, mata uang dalam bentuk ini dikategorikan sebagai urudh dan tidak dianggap sebagai mata uang dari sudut pandang syariah, juga bukan komoditas riba. Kedua, berdasarkan hukum Islam penggunaan aplikasi pembayaran digital antara Malaysia dan Indonesia adalah sama, yaitu boleh. Isu riba dapat terjadi jika dana float yang disimpan di penyedia layanan digunakan tidak sebagaimana mestinya. Dana float tidak boleh mendapatkan tambahan apapun agar terhindar dari riba. Lucky draw dan undian yang diberikan setelah melakukan top-up merupakan gharar karena ketidakpastiannya. Pembayaran digital sedang berkembang baik di Malaysia maupun Indonesia sehingga penelitian ini dapat memberikan gambaran perbedaan riba dan gharar dalam alat pembayaran digital dikedua negara, letak riba dan ghararnya serta hukumnya.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/j.v13i1.16131
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