THE KAFALA SYSTEM AS ONE OF THE FIRST INSTRUMENTS OF SLAVERY AND IGNORANCE IN ISLAMIC VIEWS

Meirison Meirison, Rahmi Rahmi, Susilawati Susilawati

Abstract


This article aims to discuss the problems of kafala in dealing with labor. In Islam, the kafala serves a noble purpose: it ensures that less well-off people are financially secure in the face of legal issues. This article discusses the shift in the value of kafala in the Middle East because there has been a gap between kafala in Islamic Sharia and its practice in Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, and the Arab Emirates. This study used a qualitative descriptive analysis approach based on a literature study supported by personal experience and found that the kafala existing in modern times was not the same as the kafala intended by Islam because it originated from different sources. The concept of kafala has devolved into modern slavery. The kafala was abolished amid much controversy, and little has changed. Thousands of migrant domestic workers are exploited and subjected to horrendous working conditions that, at worst, amount to modern slavery. The law does not protect female workers, and the government has no intention to change the current system. We find that kafala, which initially had a noble purpose, has turned into a device for exploiting workers against a background of abundant natural resources.

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membahas permasalahan kafala dalam menangani tenaga kerja. Dalam Islam, kafala memiliki tujuan mulia: memastikan bahwa orang yang kurang mampu aman secara finansial dalam menghadapi masalah hukum. Artikel ini membahas tentang pergeseran nilai kafala di Timur Tengah karena telah terjadi kesenjangan antara kafalah yang ada dalam Syariat Islam dan praktiknya di negara seperti Saudi Arabia, Bahrein, Qatar dan Emirat Arab. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan analisis deskriptif kualitatif berdasarkan studi literatur yang didukung oleh pengalaman pibadi dan menemukan bahwa kafala yang ada pada zaman modern tidak sama dengan kafala yang dimaksud oleh Islam karena berasal dari sumber yang berbeda. Konsep kafala telah berubah menjadi perbudakan modern. Kafala dihapuskan di tengah banyak kontroversi, dan hanya sedikit yang berubah. Puluhan ribu pekerja rumah tangga migran dieksploitasi dan mengalami kondisi kerja yang mengerikan, paling buruk, menjadi perbudakan modern. Undang-undang tidak melindungi pekerja perempuan, dan pemerintah tidak berniat mengubah sistem yang ada. Kami mendapatkan bahwa kafala yang semula memiliki tujuan mulia dalam syariat Islam telah berubah menjadi alat untuk mengeksploitasi buruh dengan latar belakang sumber daya alam yang melimpah.


Keywords


Islamic; instrument; kafala; slavery;

Full Text:

PDF

References


Ābī al-Azharī, āli Ibn-Abd-as-Samī al-, Amad Muafā Qāsim at-ahāwī, and Abdallāh Ibn-Abī-Zaid al-Qairawānī. a-amar ad-dānī alā Risālat al-Qairawānī fi ’l-fiqh al-mālikī maqrūnan bi-ikr al-adilla. al-Qāhira: Dār al-Faīla, 2007.

Ahmad, Iftikhar. “Religion And Labor: Perspective In Islam: Ahmad: Labor In Islam.” WorkingUSA 14, no. 4 (December 2011): 589–620. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-4580.2011.00363.x.

Asia to Gulf Migration Governance Complex, edited by Crystal A. Ennis and Nicolas Blarel, 173–89. Bristol University Press, 2022. https://doi.org/10.51952/9781529221510.ch008.

Heyneman, Stephen P., ed. Islam and Social Policy. Vanderbilt University Press, 2004. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv17vf6q5.

Ibn Mājah, Muammad ibn Yazīd, and Muhammad Tufail Ansari. Sunan Ibn Mājah = Sunan Ibn-e-Majah: with Arabic text. New Delhi: Kitab Bhavan, 2013.

Jegers, Marc. Managerial Economics of Non-Profit Organizations. Routledge Studies in the Management of Voluntary and Non-Profit 9. London ; New York: Routledge, 2008.

Jureidini, Ray, and Said Fares Hassan. Migration and Islamic Ethics: Issues of Residence, Naturalization, and Citizenship. BRILL, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004417342.

Khalaf, Abdulhadi, Omar AlShehabi, and Adam Hanieh, eds. Transit States: Labour, Migration, and Citizenship in the Gulf. Pluto Press, 2015. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt183p1j8.

Kondisi Tenaga Kerja di Saudi Arabia dan Negara Teluk, April 4, 2017.

Lawson, Max, and Matthew Martin. “The Commitment to Reducing Inequality Index 2018: A Global Ranking of Governments Based on What They Are Doing to in the Sake of Human Rights of Indonesia Domestic Workers.” Ijtihad : Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan 21, no. 2 (December 29, 2021): 213–30. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v21i2.213-230.

Marāghī, Y.J. al-, M.A. Khusravī, and Sāzmān-i Awqāf va Umūr-i Khayrīyah. موسوعة

الوقف في الفقه الاسلامي: مجموعة آراء فقهاء الامامية والحنبلية والحنفية والشافعية والمالكية

وغيرهم في الالف سنة الماضية في احكام الوقف والحبس . Mawsūat Al-Waqf Fī al-Fiqh

al-Islāmī: Majmūat Ārā Fuqahā al-Imāmīyah Wa-al-anbalīyah Wa-al-anafīyah Wa-al-Shāfiīyah Wa-al-Mālikīyah Wa-Ghayrihim Fī al-Alf Sanah al-Māīyah Fī Akām al-Waqf Wa-al-abs, v. 7. منظمة الاوقاف والشؤون الخيرية،, 2006 . https://books.

google.co.id/books?id=y9jakQEACAAJ.

Meirison, Meirison, and Zerly Nazar. «Intellectual Property Rights and Monopoly in the Perspective of Islamic Jurisprudence.» Al-Ahkam 31, no. 1 (April 29, 2021): 49–68. https://doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2021.31.1.6656.

Nurse, Angus. “Contemporary Perspectives on Environmental Enforcement.” International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 66, no. 4 (March 2022): 327–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X20964037.

Pastena, Adele. Recognition of Kafala in the Italian Law System from a Comparative Perspective. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2020.

Payling, Daisy. “City Limits: Sexual Politics and the New Urban Left in 1980s Sheffield.” Contemporary British History 31, no. 2 (April 3, 2017): 256–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/13619462.2017.1306194.

Peters, Rudolph. Crime and Punishment in Islamic Law: Theory and Practice from the Sixteenth to the Twenty-First Century. 1st ed. Cambridge University Press, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511610677.

Syed, Jawad, and Abbas J. Ali. “Principles of Employment Relations in Islam: A Normative View.” Employee Relations 32, no. 5 (August 17, 2010): 454–69. https://doi.org/10.1108/01425451011061630.

متابعة إعلان منظمة

العمل الدولية بشأن المبادئ والحقوق الأساسية في العمل 2008 . جنيف: مكتب العمل الدولي,

الدرویش, ترتیل. خصوصیة الجرائم ضد الإنسانیة و جرائم الحرب فی نظام المحکمة الجنائیة الدولیة نظام ) “

) ” روما. المجلة الدولیة للفقه والقضاء والتشریع 0 , no. 0 (December 5, 2021): 0–0. https://doi.org/10.21608/ijdjl.2021.80179.1088.السباعي/-/-, مصطفى. من روائع حضارتنا. دار الوراق للنشر والتوزيع, 1999 . https://books.google.

co.id/books?id=z6dBDwAAQBAJ.الطاهر،, ابن عاشور، محمد. مقاصد الشريعة الإسلامية. دار السلام،, 2005 . https://books.google.

co.id/books?id=pCCQAAAAMAAJ.

———. مقاصد الشريعة الإسلامية. دار السلام،, 2005 . https://books.google.co.id/

books?id=pCCQAAAAMAAJ.

سلمي، عز الدين عبد العزيز بن عبد السلام ، and عبد الرحمن، عبد اللطيف حسن. قواعد الأحكام في

مصالح الأنام. الطبعة الأولى . Bayrut: Dar al-Kutub al-’Ilmiyah, 1999.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/j.v14i1.20764

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Published By:

Jurusan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah
Fakultas Syariah
Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
Jl. Gajayana No. 50, 65144 Malang, East Java, Indonesia
Telp./Fax.: (0341) 559399
Email: jurisdictie@uin-malang.ac.id

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Abstacting & Indexing :

Sinta Portal Garuda Google Schoolar MoraRef

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Creative Commons License
Jurisdictie: Jurnal Hukum dan Syariah is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.