SHOULD EXCESSIVE MARKETING EXPENSES BE REMUNERATED? LESSONS FROM INDONESIA’S TAX COURT DECISIONS

Cut Sarah Dwindahany, Subagio Efendi

Abstract


This study examines the causes of remuneration disputes over excessive marketing expenditures that enhance marketing intangibles value and suggests solutions for fairly remunerating such excessive marketing activities. Based on existing literature, this study investigates the causes of disputes using four factors that affect the effectiveness of transfer pricing audits. This study employs a qualitative method using case studies of Indonesia’s tax court decisions from 2020 to 2023. The primary and secondary data are collected through interviews and existing data support and validated further using triangulations. Findings reveal that the disputes are mainly caused by weak proof of the correction made by the tax authority. Applying the arm's length principle became highly subjective due to the unclear transfer pricing regulations, inadequate assessment of the company's business complexity, and lack of comparable data. The tax authority should improve domestic regulations on transfer pricing and disclose taxpayers' nominative list of promotional expenses to implement appropriate corrections in this case. Empirically, this study has novelty by using the perspective of tax court’s judges and is based on tax court decisions in Indonesia. Practically, this research is useful in examining the amount of arm’s length remuneration for excessive marketing activities.

Penelitian ini meneliti penyebab dari sengketa remunerasi atas biaya pemasaran yang berlebihan yang dianggap meningkatkan nilai aset pemasaran tak berwujud dan menyarankan solusi untuk memberikan remunerasi yang adil atas aktivitas pemasaran yang berlebihan tersebut. Berdasarkan literatur yang ada, penelitian ini menyelidiki penyebab perselisihan dengan menggunakan empat faktor yang mempengaruhi efektivitas audit transfer pricing. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan studi kasus putusan pengadilan pajak Indonesia dari tahun 2020 hingga 2023. Data primer dan sekunder dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan data pendukung yang ada, dan divalidasi lebih lanjut dengan menggunakan triangulasi. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa sengketa terutama disebabkan oleh lemahnya pembuktian atas koreksi yang dilakukan oleh otoritas pajak. Penerapan prinsip kewajaran dan kelaziman usaha menjadi sangat subyektif karena peraturan penetapan harga transfer yang tidak jelas, penilaian yang kurang memadai atas kompleksitas bisnis perusahaan, dan kurangnya data pembanding. Otoritas pajak harus memperbaiki peraturan domestik tentang transfer pricing dan mengungkapkan daftar nominatif biaya promosi wajib pajak untuk menerapkan koreksi yang tepat dalam kasus ini. Secara empiris, penelitian ini memiliki kebaruan dengan menggunakan perspektif hakim pengadilan pajak dan didasarkan pada putusan pengadilan pajak di Indonesia. Secara praktis, penelitian ini bermanfaat dalam mengkaji besaran remunerasi yang wajar atas kegiatan pemasaran yang berlebihan.

Keywords


remuneration; marketing intangibles; excessive marketing; transfer pricing; arm’s length principle;

Full Text:

PDF

References


Beebeejaun, A. “The Efficiency of Transfer Pricing Rules as a Corrective Mechanism of Income Tax Avoidance.” Journal of Civil & Legal Sciences 07, no. 01 (2018). https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0170.1000237.

Büttner, Tim, and Matthias Thiemann. “Breaking Regime Stability? The Politicization of Expertise in the OECD/G20 Process on BEPS and the Potential Transformation of International Taxation.” Accounting, Economics and Law 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2017). https://doi.org/10.1515/ael-2016-0069.

Cooper, Joel, Randall Fox, Jan Loeprick, and Komal Mohindra. “Transfer Pricing and Developing Economies A Handbook for Policy Makers and Practitioners Public Sector Governance,” 2016.

Darussalam, Danny Septriadi, B. Bawono Kristiaji, and Atika Ritmelina M. Transfer Pricing: Ide, Strategi, Dan Panduan Praktis Dalam Perspektif Pajak Internasional. Jakarta: DDTC, 2023.

Gonzales, Gustavo Sanchez, Armando Cabrera Nolasco, and Katia Huezo. “The Growing Prominence of Marketing Intangibles in TP Regulations and Disputes in Latin America,” 2022.

Grüber, Stephan. Intangible Values in Financial Accounting and Reporting. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-06550-8.

Jaffer, Sujata. “Key Challenges Faced by Taxpayers on Preparation of Transfer Pricing Documentation.” Nexia, August 2019.

Kotler, Philip, and Kevin Lane Keller. Marketing Management. 14th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2012.

Kotler, Philip, Neil Rackham, and Suj Krishnaswamy. “Ending the War between Sales & Marketing.” Harvard Business Review 84 (July 1, 2006): 68–78, 187.

Lemein, Gregg D., Mary C. Bennett, and Caroline Silberztein. “The OECD Discussion Draft on the Transfer of Intangibles (Revision of Chapter VI of the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines) – Detailed Comments.” Intertax 41, no. Issue 2 (February 1, 2013): 66–81. https://doi.org/10.54648/TAXI2013008.

Levey, Marc M., and Brian Arthur. “The High Court in India Relies on OECD Approach for Marketing Intangibles in the Maruti Suzuki Case.” Intertax 38, no. Issue 12 (December 1, 2010): 672–80. https://doi.org/10.54648/TAXI2010071.

Lourentia, Rima. “Analisis Nilai Wajar Atas Remunerasi Aktivitas Marketing Yang Dilakukan Oleh Pihak Afiliasi Yang Tidak Memiliki Marketing Intangible (Studi Kasus Di Direktorat Jenderal Pajak).” Universitas Indonesia, 2013.

Lutfiah. “Analisis Sengketa Pajak Marketing Intangible Atas Biaya Pemasaran PT Samsung Electronics Indonesia Dan Upaya Penyelesaian Sengketa Marketing Intangible .” Universitas Indonesia, 2016.

Menteri Keuangan Republik Indonesia. Penerapan Prinsip Kewajaran dan Kelaziman Usaha dalam Transaksi yang Dipengaruhi Hubungan Istimewa, Pub. L. No. Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 172 Tahun 2023 (2023).

Metlissa, Punia Mega, and Nanda Ayu Wijayanti. “Transfer Pricing Practises of Intensive Advertising, Marketing and Promotion Expense in Indonesia: Case Study in PT Z.” In E-Proceeding for Asian Conference on Business, Economics and Social Science (ACBESS) 2021. Melaka : Universiti Teknologi MARA, 2021.

Moses, Molly. “Comparable Data Searches, TNMM Use Examined,” 2010.

Nestlé. “Consolidated Financial Statements of the Nestlé Group 2022,” 2022.

OECD. “Working Party on Agricultural Policies and Markets - Case Study: The Contribution of the Processed Food Sector to the Triple Challenge.” OECD, December 7, 2020.

OECD Ctr. for Tax Policy and Admin. “Transactional Profit Methods: Discussion Draft for Public Comment,” January 25, 2008.

OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2022. OECD, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1787/0e655865-en.

Parmessar, Vasistha, Isabel Verlinden, and Stefaan De Baets. “Grappling with DEMPEs in the Trenches: Trying to Give It the Meaning It Deserves.” Intertax 47, no. Issue 12 (December 1, 2019): 1042–56. https://doi.org/10.54648/TAXI2019107.

Pengadilan Pajak. “PUT-008344.15/2019/PP/M.IA Tahun 2021 .” Jakarta, March 1, 2021.

Presiden Republik Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1983 Tentang Pajak Penghasilan sebagaimana telah beberapa kali diubah terakhir dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2021 tentang Harmonisasi Peraturan Perpajakan (UU PPh)) (n.d.).

Putra, I Wayan Wahyu. “Analisis Pembebanan Biaya Promosi Sehubungan Dengan Pemasangan Logo Pihak Afiliasi Sebagai Marketing Intangible Pada Usaha Joint Venture (Studi Kasus Pada PT X Tahun Pajak 2016).” 2020.

Roberge, Chantal. “Transfer Pricing in the Pharmaceutical Industry: The Remuneration of Marketing Intangibles.” International Transfer Pricing Journal 20, no. 4 (June 14, 2013). https://doi.org/10.59403/2m6rcgp.

Sebele-Mpofu, Favourate Yelesedzani, Eukeria Mashiri, and Patrick Korera. “Transfer Pricing Audit Challenges and Dispute Resolution Effectiveness in Developing Countries with Specific Focus on Zimbabwe.” Accounting, Economics, and Law: A Convivium 0, no. 0 (October 8, 2021). https://doi.org/10.1515/ael-2021-0026.

Shongwe, Thulani. “Improving Transfer Pricing Audit Challenges in Africa Through Modern Legislation and Regulations.” In INTERNATIONAL TAX COOPERATION: Perspectives from the Global South, edited by Manuel F. Montes, Danish, and Anna Bernardo, 87–114. Geneva: South Centre, 2019.

The Coca Cola Company. “Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,” 2022.

United Nations Practical Manual on Transfer Pricing for Developing Countries 2021. United Nations, 2021. https://doi.org/10.18356/9789210001052.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit. “DHL Corporation and Subsidiaries v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue.” Nos. 99-71580, 00-70008, 99-71592 and 99-71675, April 11, 2002.

Vincent, F. “Marketing Intangibles in Canada: Myth or Reality?” In Report of Proceedings of Fifty-Seventh Tax Conference. Canadian Tax Foundation, 2006.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/j.v15i1.26915

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Published By:

Jurusan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah
Fakultas Syariah
Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
Jl. Gajayana No. 50, 65144 Malang, East Java, Indonesia
Telp./Fax.: (0341) 559399
Email: jurisdictie@uin-malang.ac.id


Abstacting & Indexing :

Creative Commons License
Jurisdictie: Jurnal Hukum dan Syariah is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.