THE PRACTICE OF JUAL SEADANYA IN THE BANJAR COMMUNITY: Between Islamic Legal Culture and Consumer Protection in Modern Transactions

Abstract

Modern buying and selling transactions demand extreme caution from both sellers and buyers, as many problems stem from a lack of caution. This caution has long been practiced by the Banjar community in the form of the expression "jual seadanya”, however previous studies have interpreted "jual seadanya" as a way for sellers to abdicate responsibility, requiring buyers to exercise caution. Therefore, this study aims to correct this misunderstanding by demonstrating that "jual seadanya" in Banjar community embodies noble Islamic values and can serve as a model for consumer protection in modern transactions. This research is an empirical legal study with a legal anthropology approach, in which several informants were interviewed in depth. The analysis utilizes muamalah jurisprudence, maqashid sharia, and consumer protection theory. The findings reveal that in Banjar community, "jual seadanya" signifies mutual caution between sellers and buyers, consistent with the development of the doctrine from caveat emptor to caveat venditor. This practice reflects Islamic legal culture, particularly the application of fiqh muamalah which emphasizes honest and fair transactions, as well as the application of the concept of khiyar which is in line with maqasid al-shariah. This research contributes to providing an interpretation of prudence based on fiqh muamalah and maqasid al-shariah, as the saying "jual seadanya." The explicit inclusion of the principle of prudence in Article 2 of Law No. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection is very relevant and useful, especially in the era of modern transactions.

Transaksi jual beli modern sangat menuntut kehati-hatian penjual dan pembeli, karena banyak permasalahan disebabkan kurangnya kehati-hatian. Kehati-hatian ini sudah lama dipraktikkan masyarakat Banjar dalam bentuk ucapan “jual seadanya”, namun studi sebelumnya telah menafsirkan “jual seadanya” sebagai cara penjual untuk melepaskan tanggung jawab, sehingga pembeli harus berhati-hati. Penelitian ini bertujuan meluruskan kesalahpahaman tersebut dengan menunjukkan “jual seadanya” dalam masyarakat Banjar merupakan perwujudan nilai-nilai luhur Islam dan dapat menjadi model perlindungan konsumen dalam transaksi modern. Penelitian ini merupakan studi hukum empiris dengan pendekatan antropologi hukum, data diperoleh melalui wawancara secara mendalam beberapa informan. Analisis menggunakan fikih muamalah, maqashid syariah dan teori perlindungan konsumen. Temuan mengungkapkan bahwa dalam masyarakat Banjar, “jual seadanya” menandakan adanya kehati-hatian bersama antara penjual dan pembeli yang sesuai dengan perkembangan doktrin dari caveat emptor menjadi caveat venditor. Praktik ini mencerminkan budaya hukum Islam, khususnya penerapan fiqh muamalah yang menekankan transaksi jujur dan adil, serta penerapan konsep khiyar yang selaras dengan maqasid al-shariah. Penelitian ini berkontribusi memberikan interpretasi kehati-hatian berdasarkan fiqh muamalah dan maqasid al-shariah, sebagaimana ucapan “jual seadanya.” Pencantuman prinsip kehati-hatian secara eksplisit dalam pasal 2 Undang-Undang No. 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen sangat relevan dan bermanfaat, terutama di era transaksi modern.