ECONOMIC RIGHT JUSTICE FOR INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN CARBON TRADING IN THE FORESTRY SECTOR IN INDONESIA
Abstract
Perdagangan karbon di sektor kehutanan sangat penting untuk mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca hingga mencapai tingkat yang ditargetkan dan untuk menerapkan ekonomi hijau di Indonesia. Dalam lingkup ini, masyarakat adat memegang posisi strategis, karena sebagian besar hutan yang berpotensi karbon berada di wilayah yang mereka kelola dan lestarikan. Meskipun beberapa regulasi telah mengakui keterlibatan masyarakat adat dalam perdagangan karbon, implementasinya masih menghadapi persoalan terkait keadilan hak ekonomi. Berangkat dari isu tersebut, penelitian ini menganalisis kedudukan masyarakat adat dalam perdagangan karbon, khususnya di sektor kehutanan, mengidentifikasi masalah keadilan hak ekonomi, dan merumuskan model penguatan dari perspektif hukum ekonomi hijau. Dengan menggunakan metode normatif yang didukung oleh pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan filosofis, penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa kerangka hukum perdagangan karbon telah memungkinkan partisipasi masyarakat adat melalui pengakuan hutan adat dan beberapa skema pengelolaan hutan. Namun, akses terhadap manfaat ekonomi terhambat oleh masalah hak karbon komunal, kompleksitas prosedural, keterbatasan kapasitas kelembagaan, dan mekanisme pembagian keuntungan yang belum optimal. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penguatan regulasi serta model distribusi yang transparan dan proporsional. Kontribusi penelitian ini adalah menawarkan model keadilan hak ekonomi bagi masyarakat adat yang mengintegrasikan hukum ekonomi hijau, teori keadilan, dan perlindungan hak-hak adat ke dalam tata kelola perdagangan karbon yang lebih inklusif dan berkeadilan.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/j.v17i1.43696
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