Constitutional Contestation of the Islamic State Concept in the Indonesian Parliament 1956-1959

Ahmad Yani Anshori, Landy Trisna Abdurrahman

Abstract


Among the most historic events that today's young generation of Muslims may largely forget is the unanimous agreement of various Islamic factions in the struggle to establish Islam as the basis of the state and Islamic law (Sharia) as the country's constitution in the forum of the Indonesian Constituent Assembly. This study examines the substance and urgency of that contestation, particularly regarding the concept of an Islamic State and the proposed framework of Islamic law. Utilising a qualitative methodology that combines historical and normative approaches. The data sources for this research consist of documents from the Constituent Assembly, political speech archives, and other relevant records, which are validated through source triangulation to ensure their reliability. The findings indicate that all Islamic factions were united in their desire to establish a state based on Islamic principles, specifically an egalitarian state with pluralism as its foundation, a state that guarantees the enforcement of Islamic law, a state that adheres to theistic democracy, and a state that adopts an Islamic economic system. This contestation influenced the outcomes of constitutional discussions and acted as a catalyst in shaping the character of political Islam in Indonesia, both in its accommodating forms and its oppositional stance towards the state. This research offers an important historical perspective for the study of contemporary Indonesian governance, particularly in integrating inclusive democratic Islamic values into the framework of the state and in alleviating the theological tensions experienced by some Indonesian Muslims as both religious community (Islamic umma) and state citizens—tensions that have often been a major trigger for conflicts between Islam and the state in Indonesia, both past and present.

Full Text:

Pdf

References


Abbas, Nj. Sjamsijah. “Tentang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia dalam Konstituante (Kumpulan Catatan Pidato tentang Dasar Negara di Majelis Konstituante),” Vol. 1. Jakarta: Arsip Nasional, 1956.

Abidin, Zainal. “Tentang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia dalam Konstituante (Kumpulan Catatan Pidato tentang Dasar Negara di Majelis Konstituante),” Vol. 1. Jakarta: Arsip Nasional, 1956.

Abu Bakar, M. Thahir. “Tentang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia dalam Konstituante (Kumpulan Catatan Pidato tentang Dasar Negara di Majelis Konstituante),” Vol. 2. Jakarta: Arsip Nasional, 1956.

Ahmad, H. Abdul Malik. “Tentang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia dalam Konstituante (Kumpulan Catatan Pidato tentang Dasar Negara di Majelis Konstituante),” Vol. 2. Jakarta: Arsip Nasional, 1956.

Al-Jurjani, Ali ibn Mohammed. Al Taʿrīfāt (The Definitions). Beirut: Dar Al-Kotob Al-Ilmiyah, 1983.

Anshari, KH. Muhammad Isa. “Tentang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia dalam Konstituante (Kumpulan Catatan Pidato tentang Dasar Negara di Majelis Konstituante),” Vol. 2. Jakarta: Arsip Nasional, 1956.

Anshori, Ahmad Yani. Menuju Khilafah Islamiyah: Perjuangan Ikhwanul Muslimin. Yogyakarta: Siyasat Press, 2008.

———. On the Gate of Ijtihad. Yogyakarta: Siyasat Press, 2008.

———. Tafsir Negara Islam Dalam Dialog Kebangsaan Di Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Siyasat Press, 2008.

———. Untuk Negara Islam Indonesia (Yogyakarta: , 2008). Yogyakarta: Siyasat Press, 2008.

Arifin, Zainul. “Tentang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia dalam Konstituante (Kumpulan Catatan Pidato tentang Dasar Negara di Majelis Konstituante),” Vol. 2. Jakarta: Arsip Nasional, 1956.

Arjomand, Saïd Amir. “The Constitution of Medina: A Sociolegal Interpretation of Muhammad’s Acts of Foundation of the Umma.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 41, no. 4 (November 2009): 555–75. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020743809990067.

Ar-Raīs, Muhammad Ḍiya Ad-Dīn. An-Naẓariyyah As-Siyāsiyah Al-Islāmiyyah,. Kairo: Maktabah Al-Anglo Al-Miṣriyyah, 1960.

Asmah, Asmah, Azizah Azizah, Retno Sari Dewi, and Ruetaitip Chansrakaeo. “Pancasila’s Economic Existence in Business Development: The Efforts to Realize Justice in Business Law.” Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum Dan Keadilan 11, no. 2 (August 26, 2023): 265–80. https://doi.org/10.29303/ius.v11i2.1224.

Atmodarminto. “Tentang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia dalam Konstituante (Kumpulan Catatan Pidato tentang Dasar Negara di Majelis Konstituante),” Vol. 1. Jakarta: Arsip Nasional, 1956.

Azra, Azyumardi. Pergolakan Politik Islam; Dari Fundamentalisme, Modernisme Hingga Post-Modernisme. Jakarta: Paramadina, 1996.

Basa, KH. Mansur Dt. Nagari. “Tentang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia dalam Konstituante (Kumpulan Catatan Pidato tentang Dasar Negara di Majelis Konstituante),” Vol. 2. Jakarta: Arsip Nasional, 1956.

Bush, Robin, and Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Nadhlatul Ulama and the Struggle for Power within Islam and Politics in Indonesia. S.l.: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2009.

Dedihasriadi, La ode, Ju-Lan Hsieh, and Wahyudi Umar. “Same-Sex Marriage as a Human Rights Freedom in Indonesia: The Perspective of Pancasila and the Marriage Law.” Jambura Law Review 4, no. 2 (July 30, 2022): 214–26. https://doi.org/10.33756/jlr.v4i2.14067.

Delanty, Gerard. “Dilemmas of Secularism: Europe, Religion and the Problem of Pluralism.” In Identity, Belonging and Migration, edited by Gerard Delanty, Ruth Wodak, and Paul Jones, 1st ed., 78–97. Liverpool University Press, 2011. https://doi.org/10.5949/UPO9781846314537.005.

ELDRIDGE, STEPHEN W. “IDEOLOGICAL INCOMPATIBILITY: THE FORCED FUSION OF NAZISM AND PROTESTANT THEOLOGY AND ITS IMPACT ON ANTI-SEMITISM IN THE THIRD REICH.” International Social Science Review 81, no. 3/4 (2006): 151–65.

Ferjani, Mohamed‐Cherif. “Islam and Politics: The Terms of the Debate.” History and Anthropology 16, no. 1 (March 2005): 75–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/02757200500103343.

Firmansyah. “Tentang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia dalam Konstituante (Kumpulan Catatan Pidato tentang Dasar Negara di Majelis Konstituante),” Vol. 1. Jakarta: Arsip Nasional, 1956.

Fogg, K. W. “Islam, Nationalism and Democracy: A Political Biography of Mohammad Natsir By AUDREY R. KAHIN * Islam in the Making of the Nation: Kartosuwiryo and Political Islam in 20th Century Indonesia By CHIARA FORMICHI.” Journal of Islamic Studies 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 90–93. https://doi.org/10.1093/jis/ett029.

Gibb, H. A. R. Whither Islam? A Survey of Modern Movements in the Moslem World. [New York: AMS Press, 1973.

H. Zainal. “Tentang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia dalam Konstituante (Kumpulan Catatan Pidato tentang Dasar Negara di Majelis Konstituante),” Vol. 1. Jakarta: Arsip Nasional, 1956.

Hadi, Asmara. “Tentang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia dalam Konstituante (Kumpulan Catatan Pidato tentang Dasar Negara di Majelis Konstituante),” Vol. 1. Jakarta: Arsip Nasional, 1956.

Hadi, Fikri, Farina Gandryani, Innocent Muramuzi, and Tayyaba Razzaq. “Constitutionalism in Indonesia: An Islamic Governance Legal Perspective.” Jurnal Mengkaji Indonesia 2, no. 2 (December 10, 2023): 390–406. https://doi.org/10.59066/jmi.v2i2.558.

Hadisiswojo, Asnawi. “Tentang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia dalam Konstituante (Kumpulan Catatan Pidato tentang Dasar Negara di Majelis Konstituante),” Vol. 2. Jakarta: Arsip Nasional, 1956.

Hakim, Abdul. “Reasons for Polygamy and Its Impact on Muslim Family Life: Experiences of Polygamous Perpetrators in Babat, Lamongan, Indonesia.” Journal of Islamic Law 3, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 34–53. https://doi.org/10.24260/jil.v3i1.529.

(Hamka), H. Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah. “Tentang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia dalam Konstituante (Kumpulan Catatan Pidato tentang Dasar Negara di Majelis Konstituante),” Vol. 3. Jakarta: Arsip Nasional, 1956.

Harahap, Nursapia, Warjio, Mardiah Mawar Kembaren, and Elly Warnisyah Harahap. “ISLAM AND STATE IDEOLOGY: MASYUMI’S EXPERIENCE IN INDONESIAN POLITICS.” Journal of Law and Sustainable Development 12, no. 2 (February 20, 2024): e3111. https://doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v12i2.3111.

Hariyanto, Didik, and Athoillah Islamy. “Religious Moderation in Islamic Groups in the History of the Basic Consesus of the Indonesian State.” Al-Adalah: Jurnal Hukum Dan Politik Islam 1, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 15–28. https://doi.org/10.30863/ajmpi.v1i1.3282.

Hasan, Hamsah, Rizka Amelia Armin, Nurul Adliyah, Ulfa Ulfa, and Mikdar Rusdi. “Navigating Family Relationships to Political Choice: The Role of the Head of Muslim Household as Agency.” Al-Ahkam 34, no. 2 (October 31, 2024): 317–40. https://doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2024.34.2.21478.

Hasan, Mohammad. “Al-Wasaţiyah al-Intiqâiyah al-Taqlîdiyah: Dirâsat Haula Harakâti Wa Afkâri Kiâi Hâjî Hâsyim Asy’arî Fî Fiqh al-Siyâsah al-Ijtimâ’iyah Bi Indûnîsiâ.” AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial 16, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 595–623. https://doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v16i2.5309.

Hasanudin, Kamsi, and Ahmad Yani Anshori. “The Contestation of Legal Foundations in the Resolution of Islamic Economic Disputes in Religious Courts.” Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, September 19, 2024, 271–88. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v18i2.11934.

Hidayat, Komaruddin. Memahami Bahasa Agama: Sebuah Kajian Hermeneutika. Bandung: Mizan, 2011.

Ichwan, Moch Nur. “The Making of a Pancasila State: Political Debates on Secularism, Islam and the State in Indonesia.” In SOIAS ResearchPaper Series. Tokyo: Sophia Organization for Islamic Area Studies Institute of Asian Cultures, 2012.

Ileto, Reynaldo. “Religion and Anti-Colonial Movements.” In The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia, edited by Nicholas Tarling, 1st ed., 197–248. Cambridge University Press, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521355063.005.

Iqbal, Muhammad, and M. Saeed Sheikh. The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam. Reprint. Encountering Traditions. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2013.

Ir. Sakirman. “Tentang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia dalam Konstituante (Kumpulan Catatan Pidato tentang Dasar Negara di Majelis Konstituante),” Vol. 1. Jakarta: Arsip Nasional, 1956.

Isdiyanto, Ilham Yuli, Fauzan Muhammadi, and Umair Fahmiddin. “Tracing the Roots of Muhammadiyah Thought on the Concepts of Dār Al-‘Ahdi Wa Al-Syahādah.” Legality : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 30, no. 1 (April 27, 2022): 147–65. https://doi.org/10.22219/ljih.v30i1.20661.

Iskandar, Nur Sutan. “Tentang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia dalam Konstituante (Kumpulan Catatan Pidato tentang Dasar Negara di Majelis Konstituante),” Vol. 1. Jakarta: Arsip Nasional, 1956.

Ismail, Faisal. “RELIGION, STATE, AND IDEOLOGY IN INDONESIA: A HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE ACCEPTANCE OF PANCASILA AS THE BASIS OF INDONESIAN STATE.” Indonesian Journal of Interdisciplinary Islamic Studies 1, no. 2 (March 2018): 19–58. https://doi.org/10.20885/ijiis.vol1.iss2.art2.

Jannani, Nur, Noer Yasin, and Musataklima Musataklima. “The Impact of the Liquidation of the Quasi-Judicial Institution of the Consumer Dispute Resolution Body on Consumers’ Access to Justice and Its Reorganisation Efforts from the Perspective of Siyasah Syar’iyah.” Jurisdictie: Jurnal Hukum Dan Syariah 15, no. 1 (July 9, 2024): 117–48. https://doi.org/10.18860/j.v15i1.26564.

Kahin, Audrey R. Islam, Nationalism, and Democracy: A Political Biography of Mohammad Natsir. Singapore: NUS Press, 2012.

Kalkandjieva, Daniela. “Religion and the State: A Comparative Sociology.” Politics, Religion & Ideology 13, no. 3 (September 2012): 422–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/21567689.2012.704300.

Kaṡīr, Ibnu. Al-Bidāyah Wa An-Nihāyah. Vol. 3. Beirut: Maktabah Al-Ma’ārif, n.d.

KH. Masykur. “Tentang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia dalam Konstituante (Kumpulan Catatan Pidato tentang Dasar Negara di Majelis Konstituante),” Vol. 3. Jakarta: Arsip Nasional, 1956.

Khuza’i, Rodliyah, Asep Ahmad Shiddiq, and Rian Nugraha. “Study of Muhammad Natsir Thoughts About Dakwah Harakah.” In Proceedings of the 2nd Social and Humaniora Research Symposium (SoRes 2019). Bandung, Indonesia: Atlantis Press, 2020. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200225.121.

Kuran, Timur. “The Economic System in Contemporary Islamic Thought: Interpretation and Assessment.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 18, no. 2 (May 1986): 135–64. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020743800029767.

Larkin, Margaret. The Theology of Meaning : ʻAbd al-Qāhir al-Jurjānī’s Theory of Discourse. New Haven, Connecticut: American Oriental Society, 1995.

Larkin, Margaret, ﻻﺭﻛﻦﻣﺎﺭﺟﺮﺕ, ’Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani, and ﺍﻟﺠﺮﺟﺎﻧﻲﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮ. “Al-Jurjani’s Theory of Discourse / ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﺠﺮﺟﺎﻧﻲ: ﻣﻦ ﺩﻻﺋﻞ ﺍﻹﻋﺠﺎﺯ.” Alif: Journal of Comparative Poetics, no. 2 (1982): 76–86. https://doi.org/10.2307/521739.

Lubis, Ali Akhbar Abaib Mas Rabbani. “Open Promotion of the Regional Secretary of Sambas Regency: Perspectives on Siyasah Jurisprudence and Legislation in Indonesia.” Journal of Islamic Law 1, no. 2 (August 1, 2020): 158–81. https://doi.org/10.24260/jil.v1i2.56.

Lufaefi, Lufaefi. “CELEBRATING SHARIA INDONESIA: ISLAMIC HARMONY AND PANCASILA IN THE VISION OF INDONESIAN NATIONALITY.” Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Syir’ah 17, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 106. https://doi.org/10.30984/jis.v17i2.951.

Maarif, Ahmad Syafii. Islam Dan Masalah Kenegaraan; Studi Tentang Percaturan Dalam Konstituante. Jakarta: LP3ES, 1996.

Maarif, Ahmad Syafii, and George A. Fowler. Islam, Humanity, and the Indonesian Identity: Reflections on History. Debates on Islam and Society. Leiden: Leiden University Press, 2018.

Madinier, Rémy. Islam and Politics in Indonesia: The Masyumi Party between Democracy and Integralism. Translated by Jeremy Desmond. NUS Press Pte Ltd, 2017. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1ntfxk.

Mahendra, Yusril Ihza. “Combining Activism and Intellectualism: The Biography of Mohammad Natsir (1908-1993).” Studia Islamika 2, no. 1 (January 1, 1970). https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v2i1.844.

Mansur, Mansur, Muh Ihsan, Ashadi L. Diab, Sitti Nurfaidah, and Syamsul Darlis. “The Return of Doi Menre’ Ba‘da Duhul in Bugis Marriage Law, South Konawe: Islamic Education and Sociology of Islamic Law Perspective.” El-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga 7, no. 2 (October 10, 2024): 480–500. https://doi.org/10.22373/ujhk.v7i2.25574.

Mansur, Raden Mas Ali. “Tentang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia dalam Konstituante (Kumpulan Catatan Pidato tentang Dasar Negara di Majelis Konstituante),” Vol. 2. Jakarta: Arsip Nasional, 1956.

Maula, Bani Syarif. “Post-Islamism and the Rise of Sharia Laws in Contemporary Indonesia: Aspirations of Implementing Islamic Laws in a Democratic Era.” International Journal of Social Science and Religion (IJSSR), June 8, 2023, 163–84. https://doi.org/10.53639/ijssr.v4i2.137.

Maxim Valeryevich, Kyrchanoff. “The Islamic State of Indonesia (1949–1962) as a Parallel and Alternative Form of Indone-Sian Statehood Development.” Islamovedenie 13, no. 4 (December 2022): 30–42. https://doi.org/10.21779/2077-8155-2022-13-4-30-42.

Muchimah, Asep Saepudin Jahar, Hamdani, and Ulfah Fajarini. “Legal Culture and the Dynamics of Religious Interaction in Ritual Practices among Interfaith Marriage.” Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, November 7, 2024, 333–48. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v18i2.11659.

Mukhlis, Muhammad Mutawalli, Maskun Maskun, Muhammad Saleh Tajuddin, Jamal Aslan, Hariyanto Hariyanto, and Hotlan Samosir. “Regional Autonomy System: Delegation of Authority and Power of Regional Government in Indonesia in the Study of Fiqh Siyasah.” Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam 9, no. 2 (September 30, 2024): 505–26. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v9i2.9709.

Mukrimin, Mukrimin. “ISLAMIC PARTIES AND THE POLITICS OF CONSTITUTIONALISM IN INDONESIA.” JOURNAL OF INDONESIAN ISLAM 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 367. https://doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2012.6.2.367-390.

Munabari, Fahlesa, Nadia Utami Larasati, Rizky Ihsan, and Lucky Nurhadiyanto. “Islamic Revivalism in Indonesia: The Caliphate, Sharia, NKRI, Democracy, and the Nation-State.” Jurnal Politik 5, no. 2 (April 10, 2020): 281. https://doi.org/10.7454/jp.v5i2.263.

Muzakkir, Abdul Kahar. “Tentang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia dalam Konstituante (Kumpulan Catatan Pidato tentang Dasar Negara di Majelis Konstituante),” Vol. 3. Jakarta: Arsip Nasional, 1956.

Nasution, Adnan Buyung. Aspirasi Pemerintahan Konstitusional Di Indonesia: Studi Sosio-Legal Atas Konstituante 1956-1959. Jakarta: Pustaka Utama Grafiti, 2001.

Natsir, M. Islam Sebagai Dasar Negara. Cet. 1. Jakarta: Dewan Da’wah Islamiyah Indonesia, 2000.

Natsir, Mohammad. “Tentang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia dalam Konstituante (Kumpulan Catatan Pidato tentang Dasar Negara di Majelis Konstituante),” Vol. 1. Jakarta: Arsip Nasional, 1956.

Nur, Thaha bin Muhammad. “Tentang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia dalam Konstituante (Kumpulan Catatan Pidato tentang Dasar Negara di Majelis Konstituante),” Vol. 2. Jakarta: Arsip Nasional, 1956.

Nyoto. “Tentang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia dalam Konstituante (Kumpulan Catatan Pidato tentang Dasar Negara di Majelis Konstituante),” Vol. 3. Jakarta: Arsip Nasional, 1956.

Omara, Andy. “Why Not Indonesia an Islamic State? Constitutional Debate Concerning Religion-State Relation in A Muslim Majority Country.” Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Dan Hukum Islam 8, no. 1 (April 27, 2024): 421. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v8i1.15889.

Partokusumo, Karkono. “Tentang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia dalam Konstituante (Kumpulan Catatan Pidato tentang Dasar Negara di Majelis Konstituante),” Vol. 1. Jakarta: Arsip Nasional, 1956.

Raliby, Osman. “Tentang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia dalam Konstituante (Kumpulan Catatan Pidato tentang Dasar Negara di Majelis Konstituante),” Vol. 3. Jakarta: Arsip Nasional, 1956.

Ramage, Douglas E. “Indonesia at 50: Islam, Nationalism (and Democracy?).” Southeast Asian Affairs, 1996, 147–65.

Ramli, Angraini binti, and Radwan Jamal Elatrash. “Woman Participation in Politics: Toward an Ideal Model in the Perspective of Siyasa al-Shar’iyya.” Al-Risalah: Forum Kajian Hukum Dan Sosial Kemasyarakatan 21, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.30631/alrisalah.v21i1.564.

Ramli, Misran, Syamsul Rijal, Reni Surya, and Irhamni Malika. “State, Custom, and Islamic Law in Aceh: Minor Dispute Resolution in the Perspective of Legal Pluralism.” Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Dan Hukum Islam 8, no. 2 (May 21, 2024): 872. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v8i2.15924.

Sachedina, Abdulaziz. “Advancing Religious Pluralism in Islam.” Religion Compass 4, no. 4 (April 2010): 221–33. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-8171.2010.00207.x.

Serjeant, R. B. “The Sunnah Jāmi’ah, Pacts with the Yathrib Jews, and the Taḥrīm of Ya Th Rib: Analysis and Translation of the Documents Comprised in the so-Called ‘Constitution of Medina.’” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 41, no. 1 (February 1978): 1–42. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0041977X00057761.

Sholichuddin, Muhamad Afrizal, Nicky Estu Putu Muchtar, and Rizky Dwi Ratna. “The Relationship of Islam and The State in Contemporary Islamic Political Discourse in Indonesia.” Dirasah International Journal of Islamic Studies 1, no. 2 (October 29, 2023): 78–88. https://doi.org/10.59373/drs.v1i2.11.

Singodimejo, Kasman. “Tentang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia dalam Konstituante (Kumpulan Catatan Pidato tentang Dasar Negara di Majelis Konstituante),” Vol. 1. Jakarta: Arsip Nasional, 1956.

Siradj, KH. Achmad Dasuki. “Tentang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia dalam Konstituante (Kumpulan Catatan Pidato tentang Dasar Negara di Majelis Konstituante),” Vol. 2. Jakarta: Arsip Nasional, 1956.

Sosrosugondo, Ahjak. “Tentang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia dalam Konstituante (Kumpulan Catatan Pidato tentang Dasar Negara di Majelis Konstituante),” Vol. 1. Jakarta: Arsip Nasional, 1956.

Supriyadi, Aditya Prastian, Dwi Fidhayanti, Ramadhita Ramadhita, and Mohd Shahid bin Mohd Noh. “Green Sukuk in Indonesia: Unraveling Legal Frameworks for Sustainable Islamic Bonds.” El-Mashlahah 13, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 151–80. https://doi.org/10.23971/el-mashlahah.v13i2.7372.

Suseno, Franz Magnis. Kuasa Dan Moral. Jakarta: Gramedia, 1995.

Suwiryo. “Tentang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia dalam Konstituante (Kumpulan Catatan Pidato tentang Dasar Negara di Majelis Konstituante),” Vol. 1. Jakarta: Arsip Nasional, 1956.

Syatar, Abdul, Muhammad Imran, M. Ilham, Kurniati Kurniati, Marilang Marilang, and Kamaluddin Nurdin Marjuni. “Examining Call for the Dissolution of Indonesian Ulema Council: Siyāsah Syar’íyyah Perspective.” JURIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah) 22, no. 2 (December 5, 2023): 199–211. https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v22i2.6678.

Syuaib, Zainul Abidin. “Tentang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia dalam Konstituante (Kumpulan Catatan Pidato tentang Dasar Negara di Majelis Konstituante),” Vol. 2. Jakarta: Arsip Nasional, 1956.

Van Der Kroef, Justus M. “Communism and Islam in Indonesia: A Western View.” India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 10, no. 4 (October 1954): 314–52. https://doi.org/10.1177/097492845401000402.

Van Dijck, Cees. “Islam and Socio-Political Conflicts in Indonesian History.” Social Compass 31, no. 1 (February 1984): 5–25. https://doi.org/10.1177/003776868403100101.

Wangsadikarta, Rd. Abdulrochman. “Tentang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia dalam Konstituante (Kumpulan Catatan Pidato tentang Dasar Negara di Majelis Konstituante),” Vol. 1. Jakarta: Arsip Nasional, 1956.

Wirakusumah, Mohamad Syafii. “Tentang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia dalam Konstituante (Kumpulan Catatan Pidato tentang Dasar Negara di Majelis Konstituante),” Vol. 1. Jakarta: Arsip Nasional, 1956.

Yusuf Adan, Hasanuddin, Iskandar Iskandar, Husaini Ibrahim, Sutri Helfianti, and Rosmawati Rosmawati. “Islam and the Foundation of the State in Indonesia: The Role of the Masyumi Party in the Constituent Assembly the Perspective of Fiqh al-Siyāsah.” Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Dan Hukum Islam 7, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 377. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v7i1.16650.

Zaini, Achmad. “Tentang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia dalam Konstituante (Kumpulan Catatan Pidato tentang Dasar Negara di Majelis Konstituante),” Vol. 1. Jakarta: Arsip Nasional, 1956.

Zainuddin, Zainuddin, Roni Efendi, Jamal Mirdad, and Salmy Edawati Yaacob. “Siyāsah Shar’iyyah and the Politicization of Religion in the 2019 Indonesian Presidential Election.” AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah 22, no. 2 (December 31, 2022). https://journal.uinjkt.ac.id/index.php/ahkam/article/view/28165.

Zionis, Rijal Mumazziq. “Relasi Agama dan Negara Perspektif KH. A. Wahid Hasyim dan Relevansinya dengan Kondisi Sekarang.” al-Daulah: Jurnal Hukum dan Perundangan Islam 5, no. 2 (October 1, 2015): 333–59. https://doi.org/10.15642/ad.2015.5.2.333-359.

Zubaedi, Z. “Membangun Fikih Yang Berorientasi Sosial: Dialektika Fikih Dengan Realitas Empirik Masyarakat.” Al-Jami’ah: Journal of Islamic Studies 44, no. 2 (December 30, 2006): 430–52. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2006.442.429-452.

Zuhri, Syaifuddin. “Tentang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia dalam Konstituante (Kumpulan Catatan Pidato tentang Dasar Negara di Majelis Konstituante),” Vol. 3. Jakarta: Arsip Nasional, 1956.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/j-fsh.v16i2.29572

Copyright (c) 2024 Ahmad Yani Anshori, Landy Trisna Abdurrahman

Published By:

Shariah Faculty Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

Gajayana Street 50 Malang, East Java, Indonesia

 


De Jure: Jurnal Hukum dan Syar'iah is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International