The title must be concise, specific, informative, and complete, accurately representing the core topic and novelty of the study. Avoid unnecessary jargon and non-standard abbreviations.

Provide full names (first name and surname/family name) for all authors without academic titles or professional positions (e.g., Prof., Dr., Production Manager). Clearly state each author's affiliation, including faculty, institution/university, address, country, and active email. Clearly designate the corresponding author.

The abstract must be a single standalone paragraph of 200 to 250 words. It should succinctly summarize purpose, method, findings, conclusions, and implication. Do not include citations, uncommon abbreviations, or undefined acronyms. Provide 4 to 5 relevant keywords directly beneath the abstract.

Include 2 to 3 double-digit JEL classification that can be viewed on the website of the Journal of Economic Literature: http://www.aeaweb.org/journal/jel_class_system.html.

In Introduction, Authors should state the objectives of the work at the end of introduction section. Before the objective, Authors should provide an adequate background, and very short literature survey in order to record the existing solutions/method, to show which is the best of previous researches, to show the main limitation of the previous researches, to show what do you hope to achieve (to solve the limitation), and to show the scientific merit or novelties of the paper. Avoid a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results. The introduction should clearly state the purpose of the paper. It should include key references to appropriate work but should not be an historical or literature review.

A literature review presents the theoretical and conceptual foundations that support the research and demonstrates its position within the evolving literature. A literature review is not merely a summary of previous research but should include a synthesis and critical argumentation that addresses the state of the art and research gaps. It should contain at least a grand theory or main theory, research concepts, variables, and previous research. A hypothesis may be proven correct or wrong and must be capable of refutation. If it remains unrefuted by facts, it is said to be verified or corroborated.

The Method section describes the rationale, research design, data sources, sampling techniques, and analytical procedures used. It must provide sufficient detail to allow readers to evaluate the validity and reliability of the study.

Results should present scientific findings clearly and concisely using text, tables, and figures without duplicating raw data. The Discussion section must interpret the results, explain how they address the research objectives, compare findings with prior published literature, and discuss theoretical and practical implications.

The Conclusion must directly answer the research objectives, highlighting how the work advances the field. It should summarize core contributions, state research limitations, and suggest practical applications or directions for future research. Do not merely repeat the Abstract or list numerical results.

Appropriate acknowledgement should be written clearly and placed at the end of the research. Mention influential persons or organizations who contributed but do not qualify for authorship, and state that there is no conflict of interest among the authors.

Authors must disclose the use of Generative AI or AI-assisted tools in the preparation of the manuscript. A statement declaring the specific tool used and the nature of its use must be included. Generative AI tools cannot be listed as an author or co-author, as authorship implies responsibility and accountability for the submitted work.

For manuscripts with multiple authors, a short statement specifying the individual contributions of each author must be provided. Authors are encouraged to use the CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy) roles where applicable, such as: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – reviewing & editing.

Authors must state all financial support received for the conduct of the research and/or preparation of the article. Provide the name of the funding organization(s) and the grant number(s). If no funding was received, please state: