Effect of Tarekat Khalwattiyah-Samman on Fishermen's Work on The South Coast of South Sulawesi

Abdul Malik Iskandar, Syamsul Bahri, Muhammad Masdar, Nurmi Nonci, Faidah Azuz, Harifuddin Harifuddin

Abstract


 

Coastal fishermen communities hold religious rituals as Sufism practices. One of which is Tarekat Khalwatiyah-Samman, which affects their daily work. This paper aims to identify the substance of the Khalwatiyah-Samman teachings. It deciphers the effect of this teaching on the work of fishermen on the south coast of South Sulawesi. This research is qualitative with social and empirical approaches. Data collection was done through in-depth interviews, observation, and literature study. It employed qualitative data processing and analysis. The results showed that the substance of the Khalwatiyah-Samman teachings lies in its three doctrines: the purification of the soul, the concept of the essence of God, and the concept of human essence. In addition, the influence of Khalwatiyah-Samman's teaching on the work of fishermen on the south coast of South Sulawesi is the emergence of attitudes in work such as complacency; God has determined everything, and they do not have a competitive spirit and spirit of achievement. Accordingly, the substance of the Khalwatiyah-Samman teaching is that God has determined all human actions, and humans only live it. Moreover, the effect of the Khalwatiyah-Samman teaching is to form an attitude of fatalism in fishermen or resignation.

 

Masyarakat nelayan di wilayah pesisir memegang teguh ritual keagamaan sebagai praktik Sufisme. Salah satunya yaitu Tarekat Khalwatiyah-Samman yang berpengaruh terhadap pekerjaan sehari-hari nelayan. Tulisan ini bertujuan memahami substansi ajaran Tarekat Khalwatiyah-Samman. Penelitian ini mengungkap efek Tarekat Khalwatiyah-Samman terhadap pekerjaan nelayan di pesisir selatan Sulawesi Selatan Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif dengan pendekatan sosial dan empiris. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan studi literatur. Kajian ini menggunakan pengolahan dan analisis data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ini substansi ajaran Tarekat Khalwatiyah-Samman terletak pada tiga doktrinnya yaitu penyucian jiwa, konsep esensi Ketuhanan dan konsep esensi manusia. Pengaruh tarekat Khalwatiyah-Samman terhadap pekerjaan nelayan di pesisir selatan Sulawesi Selatan adalah timbulnya sikap dalam bekerja seperti cepat puas, segala hal telah ditentukan oleh Tuhan, mereka tidak memiliki jiwa bersaing dan semangat berprestasi. Karena itulah substansi ajaran Khalwatiyah-Samman adalah semua perbuatan manusia telah ditentukan Tuhan dan manusia hanya menjalaninya. Adapun efek Tarekat Khalwatiyah-Samman adalah membentuk sikap fatalism pada nelayan atau kepasrahan.


Keywords


effect; fatalism; fishermen-community; Khalwatiyyah-Samman teaching

Full Text:

PDF

References


Agustang, A. (2010). Sufisme dan Kemiskinan Kultural pada Komunitas Nelayan di Pesisir Teluk Bone Kecamatan Sibulue. Jurnal Ushuluddin: Media Dialog Pemikiran Islam, 14(3), 342–364. https://doi.org/10.24252/jumdpi.v14i3.2327

Ahmad, B. (2022). Dampak Kultur terhadap Lifestyle Masyarakat Nelayan. Copi Susu: Jurnal Komunikasi, Politik & Sosiologi, 4(1), 1–17.

Alam, M. S. (2020). Sufisme Nelayan (Studi Kasus di Pondok Pesantren An-Nur Margolinduk Bonang Demak). Unpublished Thesis. Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo.

Anriani, H. B., Halim, H., Zainuddin, R., Wekke, I. S., & Abdullah, A. (2017). Fisherman’s Wife Role in Extending Household Income in Palu Gulf. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1–6. https://doi.org/doi :10.1088/1755-1315/156/1/012001

Arifin, Ansar; Anriani, Haslinda B; Halim, H. (2018). Immanent and Transcendental Belief of Fisherman Community. Anthropologist, 33(3), 16–26. https://doi.org/11.258359/KRE-110

Arifin, A., Asari, H., & Drajat, A. (2017). The System of Spiritual Education of Tarekat Sammaniyah at Learning Assembly of Ihya Ulumuddin Medan. IJLRES - International Journal on Language, Research and Education Studies, 1(1), 34 – 52.

Askahar, A. (2019). Akidah dan Akhlaq Islam. Ushuluddin Adab dan Dakwah, 2(1), 26-41.

Belwal, R., Belwal, S., Al-Jabri, O., & Al-Shizawi, F. (2015). Fishermen on Oman’s Batinah Coast (pp. 159–173). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6441-8.ch013

Bungin, B. (2015). Penelitian Kualitatif (Delapan). Prenada Media.

Creswell, J. W. (2013). Research Design: Pendekatan Kualitatif, Kuantitatif, dan Mixed. Pustaka Pelajar.

Encep, S., & Surya, M. E. (2017). Productivity Model of Work Reviewed from The Perspective of The Quran. Islamadina, 18(1), 57–74.

Fahruddin, F. (2016). Tasawuf Sebagai Upaya Membersihkan Hati Guna Mencapai Kedekatan dengan Allah. Ta’lim, 14(1), 65-83.

Fitrisia, A. (2014). Nelayan Kenagarian Painan Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan Propinsi Sumatera Barat terhadap Laut. Humanis, 13(1), 51–58. https://doi.org/10.24036/jh.v13i1.4097

Hakim, M. (2015). Sufisme dan Transformasi Nelayan (H. Halim (ed.)). Orbit Press.

Hakim, M. (2016). Persetubuhan Kapitalisme dan Struktur sosial pada Masyarakat Nelayan. Pena Indies.

Hakim, M. (2019). Fatalism and Poverty in Fishing Communities. Society, 7(2), 150–158. https://doi.org/10.33019/society.v7i2.118

Halemba, A. (2023). Church Building as a Secular Endeavour: Three Cases from Eastern Germany. Religions, 14(3), 287. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14030287

Haliadi, H., Sadi, S., & Syamsuri, S. (2016). Sejarah Islam di Lembah Palu. LPPM Untad dan Q Media.

Hasan, R. (2012). Kepercayaan Animisme dan Dinamisme dalam Masyarakat Islam Aceh. Miqot: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman, 36(2). https://doi.org/10.30821/miqot.v36i2.119

Hasmy, S. A. (2017). Konsep Produktifitas Kerja dalam Islam. Balanca, 1(2), 195–211. https://doi.org/10.35905/balanca.v1i2.1144

Husin, B., SY, S., Zainuddin, Z., & Zabidi, I. (2020). The Meaning and Characteristics of Islam in The Qur’an. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(1).

Iriani. (2019). Social Security of Traditional Fisherman in Penggoli, Palopo City. Walasuji, 10(1), 69–83. https://dx.doi.org/10.36869/wjsb.v10i1.40

Karlina, M., & Eriyanti, F. (2022). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kebertahanan upacara “tolak bala” pada masyarakat nelayan di Pesisir Selatan. Jurnal Riset Tindakan Indonesia, 7(4), 682–690. https://doi.org/10.29210/30032328000

Masri, A. R. (2019). Sheikh Yūsuf Al-Maqassary and His Reform Ideas in The Spread of Islam in Gowa-Makassar in The Seventeenth Century. Jurnal Tabligh, 20(2), 184–200. https://doi.org/10.24252/jdt.v20i2.10610

Miles, Matthew B; Huberman, M. A. (1999). Analisa Data Kualitatif. Universitas Indonesia Press.

Nihayatul, F., Suharso, P., & Sukidin, S. (2019). Spiritualitas Agama dan Etos Kerja Masyarakat dalam Penanggulangan Kemiskinan Nelayan Desa Grajagan Kecamatan Purwoharjo Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, Ilmu Ekonomi dan Ilmu Sosial, 13(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.19184/jpe.v13i1.10411

Nurhikmah, N. (2017). Eksistensi Dakwah Ajaran Tarekat Khalwatiyah Samman di Kabupaten Wajo. Kuriositas: Media Komunikasi Sosial Dan Keagamaan, 10(2), 43–62. https://doi.org/10.35905/kur.v10i2.591

Oetomo, D. (2015). Penelitian Kualitatif: Aliran dan Tema. In B. Suyanto & Sutinah (Eds.), Metode Penelitian Sosial: Berbagai Alternatif Pendekatan. Kencana.

Silooy, M. (2017). Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Tingkat Kemiskinan Absolut Masyarakat Pesisir (Nelayan) di Desa Seilale Kecamatan Nusaniwe. Cita Ekonomika, 11(1), 79–84. https://doi.org/10.51125/citaekonomika.v11i1.2634

Suyanto, B. S. (2015). Metode Penelitian Sosial: Berbagai Alternatif Pendekatan. Prenada Media.

Syaiful, M. (2019). Interaksi Sosial dan Reproduksi Nilai Budaya Masyarakat Nelayan di Pelabuhan Paotere Kota Makassar. Socio Religius, 4(2), 42–60. https://doi.org/10.24252/sosioreligius.v4i2.13322

Syarief, E. (2021). Revitalization of The Mapogau Hanua Traditional Service as a Refillation of Character Education Values in Geographic Learning. Indonesian Journal of Educational Studies (IJES), 24(2).

Tajuddin, T. (2019). Budaya Makuliwwa: Studi Living Qur’an Masyarakat Nelayan Desa Pambusuang Kecamatan Balanipa Kabupaten Polewali Mandar Sulawesi Barat. Citra Ilmu, 30(15).

Torreon, L. C., Tiempo, A. S. (2021). Ritual Practices in Fishing. Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 9(1), 12–18.

Ulfa, U., C.H., M., Susilawati, S., & Barizi, A. (2022). Multicultural Islamic Education in Indonesia: The Urgency Value of Model and Method. Addin, 16(1), 131. https://doi.org/10.21043/addin.v16i1.15787

Yuerlita. (2013). Livelihoods and Fishing Strategies of Small A Faced with Resource Decline: West Sumatra, Indonesia Case Study scale Fishing Households of Singkarak Lake. Asian Institute of Technology.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/eh.v25i1.18093

Editorial Office:
Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
Jalan Gajayana No.50, Malang, Indonesia 65144
This work is licensed under a CC-BY-NC-SA.
el Harakah, ISSN : 1858-4357 | e-ISSN : 2356-1734
Phone : +6282333435641
Fax : (0341) 572533
Email : elharakah@uin-malang.ac.id
elharakahjurnal@gmail.com
Website : http://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/infopub
Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang