Masjid di Papua Barat: Tinjauan Ekspresi Keberagamaan Minoritas Muslim dalam Arsitektur

Ismail Suardi Wekke

Abstract


For Muslim, mosque has unique role and its special function in daily life. Five times a day, mosques carry out prayer as compulsory activities. This study explores mosques in West Papua Province where Muslim is as minority. It employs qualitative approach and used in-depth interview and non-participant observation to collect data. The findings show that there are three mosque major components; wudhu area, praying hall, and mimbar. In mosque as a center of activity in the region, the board provided some facilities to be used by either Muslim or others. Mosques embedded with various arts from many traditional roots. Patterns and symmetries were used to enhance art in wall of mosque. On the other hand, the minority condition gives them opportunity to present architecture design to engage with other community. Building styles and type reflect the multicultural characteristics as identity through built environment representing their culture within the local community. Muslim minority tries to extend their mosque not only as praying place but also as a society facility.


Bagi muslim, masjid berperan unik dan memiliki fungsi dalam kehidupan keseharian. Lima kali sehari di masjid dilangsungkan shalat sebagai aktivitas wajib. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi masjid-masjid di Propinsi Papua Barat dimana umat Islam sebagai minoritas. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam dan observasi nonpartisipasi. Penelitian ini menunjukkan tiga komponen utama dalam masjid; tempat wudhu, ruang shalat, dan mimbar. Di masjid yang menjadi pusat akitivitas di daerah tertentu, pengurusnya menyediakan beberapa fasilitas yang dapat digunakan umat Islam maupun umat lain. Masjid dihias dengan keragaman seni dari pelbagai akar tradisi. Pola dan simetris digunakan untuk memperkaya seni di dinding masjid. Di sisi lain, kondisi minoritas memberikan kesempatan kepada umat Islam untuk menghadirkan desain arsitektur yang tetap memperhatikan kepentingan komunitas lain. Gaya dan tipe bangunan mencerminkan karakteristik multikultural sebagai identitas melalui lingkungan bangunan yang mencerminkan budaya mereka diantara komunitas lokal. Masyarakat minoritas muslim berupaya menjadikan masjid tidak saja sebagai tempat shalat tetapi juga sebagai pusat kegiatan masyarakat.

Keywords


minority Muslim, mosque, identity

Full Text:

PDF

References


Al Nasser, S. A. S., & Muhammed, D. D. J. (2013). Introduction to history of Islamic banking in Malaysia. Humanomics, 29(2), 80–87.

Alami, H. (2012). General overview on educational institutions in Islamic civilization. Life Science Journal, 9(4), 698–702.

Ashkan, M., & Ahmad, Y. (2010). Discontinuous double-shell domes through Islamic eras in the Middle East and Central Asia: History, morphology, typologies, geometry, and construction. Nexus Network Journal, 12(2), 287–319.

Bahonar, N. (2009). Policy of religious media in Iran: Interactive, dynamic and convergent system of religious communication. Asian Journal of Social Science, 37(2), 242–255.

Bassiouney, R. (2013). The social motivation of code-switching in mosque sermons in Egypt. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 22(2), 49–66.

Bee Hj Noor Mohamed Abdul Latiff, H., Salma, H., & Hassan, A. (2008). Rise and fall of knowledge power: An in-depth investigation. Humanomics, 24(1), 17–27.

Brown, D. (2001). Ornament and decoration in Islamic architecture. Reference Reviews, 15(3), 37.

Crosby, J. M. (2011). An analysis of the contemporary spiritual warfare movement in light of reader-response methodology and the significance for missionary strategy targeting Javanese Muslims [Doctoral dissertation, Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary].

Edis, T. (2009). Modern science and conservative Islam: An uneasy relationship. Science and Education, 18(6–7), 885–903.

Engineer, A. A. (1999). Asal-usul dan perkembangan Islam (I. Baehaqi, Trans.). Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.

Fadli, F. (2012). The (IM)-possible mosque: Spatial mutation and identity needs in Northern Ireland. Open House International, 37(2), 82–91.

Gartiwa, M. (2011). Morfologi bangunan dalam konteks kebudayaan. Bandung: Muara Indah.

Gol, A. (2009). The identity of Turkey: Muslim and secular. Third World Quarterly, 30(4), 795–811.

Grabar, O. (1933). Art and architec. In J. R. Hayes (Ed.), The genius of Arab civilization. USA and Canada: MIT Press.

Harun, M. (2009). Seni kaligrafi Islam sebagai simbolisme dalam kehidupan. Jurnal Studi Islam Qalam, 1(1), 16–21.

Johnson, K., & Laurence, P. (2012). Multi-faith religious spaces on college and university campuses. Religion and Education, 39(1), 48–63.

Lapidus, I. M. (1999). Sejarah sosial umat Islam (Bagian ketiga, G. A. Mas’adi, Trans.). Jakarta: RajaGrafindo Persada.

Larsson, G., & Račius, E. (2010). A different approach to the history of Islam and Muslims in Europe: A north-eastern angle, or the need to reconsider the research field. Journal of Religion in Europe, 3(3), 350–373.

Leinweber, A. E. (2013). From devastation to mobilisation: The Muslim community's involvement in social welfare in post-conflict DRC. Review of African Political Economy, 40(13), 98–115.

Bryant, V. C., Shdaimah, C., Sander, R. L., & Cornelius, L. J. (2013). School as haven: Transforming school environments into welcoming learning communities. Children and Youth Services Review, 35(1), 848–855.

Makovicky, E., & Makovicky, N. M. (2011). The first find of dodecagonal quasiperiodic tiling in historical Islamic architecture. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 44(1), 569–573.

Motadel, D. (2012). Islam and the European empires. Historical Journal, 55(3), 831–856.

Najafabadi, S. A. H. (2010). The invention of Islamic history. International Journal of the Humanities, 8(1), 255–264.

Naqvi, T. (n.d.). Migration, sacrifice and the crisis of Muslim nationalism. Journal of Refugee Studies, 25(3), 474–490.

Omer, S. (2010). Conceptualizing Islamic architecture. Al Shajarah, 15(2), 199–228.

Purohit, T. (2011). Identity politics revisited: Secular and dissonant Islam in colonial South Asia. Modern Asian Studies, 45(3), 709–733.

Qyumzadeh, M. (2012). Human dignity and the examples in the Quran. Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences, 6(3), 423–428.

Rasdi, M. T. M., & Utaberta, N. (2010). The design of mosques as community development centers from the perspective of the sunna and Wright’s organic architecture. Journal of Islamic Architecture, 1(1), 1–7.

Roose, E. (2012). Constructing authentic houses of God: Religious politics and creative iconographies in Dutch mosque design. Material Religion, 8(3), 280–307.

Rosenbaum, P. J. (2013). The role of projective identification in constructing the "Other": Why do Westerners want to "liberate" Muslim women? Culture & Psychology, 19(2), 213–224.

Samad, A., & Glenn, L. M. (2010). Development of zakah and zakah coverage in monotheistic faiths. International Journal of Social Economics, 37(4), 302–315.

Sandvall, H. (2012). Image and identity: Religious symbols and symbolic representation on European masonic nineteenth-century certificates. Culture and Religion, 13(1), 75–89.

Sobh, R., & Belk, R. (2011). Domains of privacy and hospitality in Arab Gulf homes. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 2(2), 125–137.

Tinker, T. (2004). The Enlightenment and its discontents: Antinomies of Christianity, Islam and the calculative sciences. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 17(3), 442–475.

Wekke, I. S. (2011). Pendidikan Islam dan pemberdayaan masyarakat: Tinjauan pendidikan vokasional pesantren Roudhatul Khuffadz, Sorong. Jurnal Kajian Islam Interdisipliner, 10(1), 25–53.

Wekke, I. S. (2012). Pesantren dan pengembangan kurikulum kewirausahaan: Kajian pesantren Roudhatul Khuffadz Sorong Papua Barat. Jurnal Inferensi, 6(2), 203–226.

Wekke, I. S. (2013). Bahasa Arab, teks dan semiotika: Tinjauan pemikiran Arkoun tentang al-Quran. Jurnal Pemikiran Islam Al-Fikr, 17(1), 64–80.

Wilson, J. A. J., Belk, R. W., & Bamossy, G. J. (2013). Crescent marketing, Muslim geographies and Brand Islam. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 4(1), 22–50.

Zunic, A. (2011). Modern and contemporary Islamic architecture in Croatia. Prostor, 19(1), 92–113.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/el.v15i2.2762

Editorial Office: Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
Jalan Gajayana No.50, Malang, Indonesia 65144
This work is licensed under a CC-BY-NC-SA.
ISSN: 1858-4357 | e-ISSN: 2356-1734
Phone: +6282333435641
Fax: (0341) 572533
Email: elharakah@uin-malang.ac.id 
elharakahjurnal@gmail.com
Website: http://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/infopub
Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang