Impulsivity, peer pressure, and social media usage as predictors of addictive gambling behavior among undergraduates

Mojisola S. Ajayi; Yusuf O. Lawal; Emmanuel E. Uye

doi:10.18860/jips.v4i1.26307

Impulsivity, peer pressure, and social media usage as predictors of addictive gambling behavior among undergraduates

Mojisola S. Ajayi, Yusuf O. Lawal, Emmanuel E. Uye

Abstract

The increased rate of gambling in our society has become a menace that affects nearly every Nigerian youth, including undergraduates. Studies using different predictors of addictive gambling behavior have produced varying results. Therefore, this study investigated impulsivity, peer pressure, and social media usage as predictors of addictive gambling behavior among undergraduates in Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey design using the purposive sampling technique was used to select three universities. Data were collected from 258 undergraduates using validated scales. The collected data were analyzed using zero-order correlation and multiple regression analysis. The result revealed that peer pressure was significantly correlated with addictive gambling behavior. Also, impulsivity, peer pressure, and social media usage jointly predicted addictive gambling behavior. However, only peer pressure independently predicted addictive gambling behavior. The conclusion is that peer pressure is a strong predictor of addictive gambling behavior. The implication of this finding is that parents, university authorities, and other stakeholders should design programmes and policies to reduce peer pressure on problem gambling.

KEY WORDS:
addictive gambling behavior; impulsivity; peer pressure; social media usage

ABSTRAK
Meningkatnya tingkat perjudian di masyarakat kita telah menjadi ancaman yang mempengaruhi hampir setiap pemuda Nigeria termasuk mahasiswa. Penelitian yang menggunakan prediktor yang berbeda dari perilaku perjudian yang membuat ketagihan telah memberikan hasil yang bervariasi. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menyelidiki impulsif, tekanan teman sebaya, dan penggunaan media sosial sebagai prediktor perilaku perjudian yang membuat ketagihan di kalangan mahasiswa di Nigeria. Desain survei cross-sectional menggunakan teknik purposive sampling digunakan untuk memilih tiga universitas. Data dikumpulkan dari 258 mahasiswa dengan menggunakan skala yang telah divalidasi. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis dengan menggunakan korelasi orde nol dan analisis regresi berganda. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa tekanan teman sebaya berkorelasi secara signifikan dengan perilaku perjudian yang membuat ketagihan. Selain itu, impulsif, tekanan teman sebaya, dan penggunaan media sosial secara bersama-sama memprediksi perilaku perjudian yang membuat ketagihan. Namun, hanya tekanan teman sebaya yang secara independen memprediksi perilaku perjudian yang membuat ketagihan. Kesimpulannya adalah bahwa tekanan teman sebaya adalah prediktor kuat dari perilaku perjudian yang membuat ketagihan. Implikasi dari temuan ini adalah bahwa orang tua, otoritas universitas, dan pemangku kepentingan lainnya harus merancang program dan kebijakan untuk mengurangi tekanan teman sebaya pada masalah perjudian

KATA KUNCI
perilaku perjudian adiktif; impulsif; tekanan teman sebaya;
penggunaan media sosial

Copyright ©2024. The Authors. Published by Journal of Indonesian Psychological Science (JIPS). This is an open access article under the CC BY NO SA. link: Creative Commons — Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International — CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

Full Text:

PDF

References

Allami, Y., Vitaro, F., Brendgen, M., Carbonneau, R., Lacourse, É., & Tremblay, R. E. (2017). A longitudinal empirical investigation of the pathways model of problem gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 33(4), 1153–1167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-017-9682-6

Andreassen, C. S., Torbjorn, T., Brunborg, G. S., & Pallesen, S. (2012). Development of a facebook addiction scale. Psychological Reports, 110(2), 501–517. https://doi.org/10.2466/02.09.18.PR0.110.2.501-517

Animashaun, B. (2019). Tripod of marriage: Conviction, affection, and attraction. In Feeding Centre Church.

Bradley, A., & James, R. J. E. (2021). Defining the key issues discussed by problematic gamblers on web-based forums: a data-driven approach. In International Gambling Studies (Vol. 21, Issue 1, pp. 59–73). https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2020.1801793

Brunborg, G. S., Hanss, D., Mentzoni, R. A., Molde, H., & Pallesen, S. (2016). Problem gambling and the five-factor model of personality: A large population-based study. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 111(8), 1428–1435. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.13388

Cherniss, H., & Sluke, S. J. (2002). The complete idiot‘s guide to serving peer pressure for teens. Marie Butler-knight Publications.

Choi, J., & Kim, K. (2021). The relationship between impulsiveness, self-esteem, irrational gambling belief and problem gambling moderating effects of gender. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105180

Congdon, E., & Canli, T. (2005). The endophenotype of impulsivity: Reaching consilience through behavioral, genetic, and neuroimaging approaches. Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews, 4(4), 262–281. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534582305285980

Dussault, F., Brendgen, M., Vitaro, F., Wanner, B., & Tremblay, R. E. (2011). Longitudinal links between impulsivity, gambling problems and depressive symptoms: A transactional model from adolescence to early adulthood. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 52(2), 130–138. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02313.x

Enimapopo, E. T., & Nwamadi, L. (2023). Causes and consequences of domestic violence among married women in Port Harcourt Metropolis of Rivers State. Journal of Advances in Education and Philosophy, 7(05), 178–186. https://doi.org/10.36348/jaep.2023.v07i05.006

Feddersen, A., Humphreys, B. R., & Soebbing, B. P. (2020). Casual bettors and sentiment bias in NBA and NFL betting. Applied Economics, 52(53), 5797–5806. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2020.1776833

Flack, M., & Buckby, B. (2020). Impulsivity and problem gambling: can the anticipated emotional rewards explain the relationship? International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 18(3), 567–581. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-018-9950-4

González-Ortega, I., Echeburúa, E., Corral, P., Polo-López, R., & Alberich, S. (2013). Predictors of pathological gambling severity taking gender differences into account. European Addiction Research, 19(3), 146–154. https://doi.org/10.1159/000342311

Harvey, K. (2014). Social media, definition and classes of. In K. Harvey (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Social Media and Politics (pp. 1158–1162). Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452244723.n485

Iliceto, P., D’Antuono, L., Bowden-Jones, H., Giovani, E., Giacolini, T., Candilera, G., Sabatello, U., & Panksepp, J. (2016). Brain emotion systems, personality, hopelessness, self/other perception, and gambling cognition: A structural equation model. Journal of Gambling Studies, 32(1), 157–169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-015-9543-0

Ioannidis, K., Hook, R., Wickham, K., Grant, J. E., & Chamberlain, S. R. (2019). Impulsivity in gambling disorder and problem gambling: a meta-analysis. Neuropsychopharmacology, 44(8), 1354–1361. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-019-0393-9

Kong, G., Tsai, J., Krishnan-Sarin, S., Cavallo, D. A., Hoff, R. A., Steinberg, M. A., Rugle, L., & Potenza, M. N. (2014). A latent class analysis of pathological-gambling criteria among high school students: Associations with gambling, risk and health/functioning characteristics. Journal of Addiction Medicine, 8(6), 421–430. https://doi.org/10.1097/ADM.0000000000000074

Lee, H. W., Choi, J. S., Shin, Y. C., Lee, J. Y., Jung, H. Y., & Kwon, J. S. (2012). Impulsivity in internet addiction: A comparison with pathological gambling. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15(7), 373–377. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2012.0063

Leung, X. Y., Bai, B., & Stahura, K. A. (2015). The Marketing effectiveness of social media in the hotel industry: A comparison of facebook and twitter. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 39(2), 147–169. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348012471381

Lutri, V., Soldini, E., Ronzitti, S., Smith, N., Clerici, M., Blaszczynski, A., & Bowden-Jones, H. (2018). Impulsivity and gambling type among treatment-seeking disordered gamblers: An explorative study. Journal of Gambling Studies, 34(4), 1341–1354. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-018-9764-0

Marmurek, H. H. C., Switzer, J., & D’Alvise, J. (2014). A comparison of university student and community gamblers: Motivations, impulsivity, and gambling cognitions. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 3(1), 54–64. https://doi.org/10.1556/JBA.3.2014.007

NoiPolls. (2019). Betting and gambling in Nigeria. Https://Www.Noi-Polls.Com/Post/Betting-and-Gambling-in-Nigeria. https://doi.org/https://noi-polls.com/betting-and-gambling-in-nigeria/

Offor, U. I., Anadi, O. N., Onunkwo, M. C., & Offiah, C. (2021). Online gambling among male students of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka: Causes, consequences, and measures. UNIZIK Journal of Educational Research and Policy Studies, 7, 387–399.

Onyekaiheako, D., & Fwacs, U. (2015). Domestic violence and its predictors among married women in Southeast Nigeria. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN, 6, 562 – 567. www.ijsr.net

Oyetunji-Alemede, C., … O. O.-S. G. J., & 2019, undefined. (2019). Gender, peer pressure and addictive gambling behaviour among undergraduates of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. Sgojahds.Com, 2(1), 2695–2327. http://sgojahds.com/index.php/SGOJAHDS/article/view/21

Ranta, K., Ranta, R., Ranta, S., & Lasher-Sommers, C. (2023). Domestic violence. In The Forgotten Survivors of Gun Violence: Wounded. StatPearls Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003368137-5

Sharma, L., Markon, K. E., & Clark, L. A. (2014). Toward a theory of distinct types of “impulsive” behaviors: A meta-analysis of self-report and behavioral measures. Psychological Bulletin, 140(2), 374–408. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034418

Shin, N. Y. (2022). Psychometric properties of the bergen social media addiction scale in Korean young adults. Psychiatry Investigation, 19(5), 356–361. https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2021.0294

Strayhorn, J. Ms. (2002). The theory and research. The Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescents Psychiatry, 41, 7–16.

Suen, V., Brown, M. R. G., Morck, R. K., Cribben, I., & Silverstone, P. H. (2017). Risk tolerance, impulsivity, and self-esteem: differences and similarities between gamblers and non-gamblers in a pilot study. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 4(4). https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.44.2064

Umeh, J. (2022). Osinachi Nwachukwu: Untold story about cause of death of popular female gospel singer. Vanguard News Nigeria, 10. https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/04/osinachi-nwachukwu-untold-story-about-cause-of-death-of-popular-female-gospel-singer/

Valenciano-Mendoza, E., Mora-Maltas, B., Mestre-Bach, G., Munguía, L., Richard, J., Derevensky, J. L., Potenza, M. N., & Jiménez-Murcia, S. (2023). Clinical correlates of sports betting: A systematic review. Journal of Gambling Studies, 39(2), 579–624. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-023-10196-0

Wilson, L. (2023). Domestic violence. Encyclopaedia of Forensic Sciences (Third). Elsevier.

Wu, S., Hofman, J. M., Mason, W. A., & Watts, D. J. (2011). Who says what to whom on twitter. Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on World Wide Web, WWW 2011, 705–714. https://doi.org/10.1145/1963405.1963504

Yip, S. W., Desai, R. A., Steinberg, M. A., Rugle, L., Cavallo, D. A., Krishnan-Sarin, S., & Potenza, M. N. (2011). Health/functioning characteristics, gambling behaviors, and gambling-related motivations in adolescents stratified by gambling problem severity: Findings from a high school survey. American Journal on Addictions, 20(6), 495–508. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1521-0391.2011.00180.x

Zulkifly, M. A., Wahab, S., Azmi, A. D., Awang, S. R., Mustaffa, N., Ibrahim, N., & Kadir, N. B. A. (2022). Psychometric properties of the malay version of peer pressure scale questionnaire-revised. Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 18(1), 29–35. https://doi.org/10.1177/09731342221096501

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/jips.v4i1.26307