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Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Methanol and N-Hexane Extracts from Mangifera indica L. var. madu Leaves: The Role of Solvent Polarity
Abstract
Madu mango (Mangifera indica L. var. madu) leaves are known to contain various secondary metabolites that have the potential as natural antioxidants and antibacterial agents. This study aimed to isolate secondary metabolites, evaluate antioxidant activity, and determine the antibacterial activity of methanol and n-hexane extracts of madu mango leaves against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The extracts were obtained by maceration and subjected to phytochemical screening, DPPH radical scavenging assay (IC50), and disc diffusion antibacterial test at concentrations of 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, and 50%. Phytochemical screening showed that the methanol extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, while the n-hexane extract contained only steroids. The methanol extract exhibited very strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 33.48 µg/mL, whereas the n-hexane extract showed weak activity with an IC50 of 245.90 µg/mL. Antibacterial testing revealed that the methanol extract produced inhibition zones up to 15.50 mm against S. aureus, while the n-hexane extract showed no inhibition at all concentrations. These findings indicate that the methanol extract of madu mango leaves has promising potential as a natural antioxidant and antibacterial agent, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/elha.v10i5.45947
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