STABILIZED ERRORS: ATTRIBUTED PROBLEM IN TIMED AND NON-TIMED ARGUMENTATIVE WRITING

Rohmani Nur Indah

Abstract


This study is a case study seeking the relation between the errors students made in timed and non-timed argumentative writing. The use of good English language influences whether or not the students can develop their claim. The finding shows that students have fifteen types of stabilized errors, the dominant of which are verb tense, word choice and spelling. On language form, the stabilized errors mostly occur are omission and addition. Some students also show stabilized errors with reference to the negative transfer of their first language. In addition, the type of writing task results in different number of stabilized errors. Despite the favor on non-timed writing, some students show more careful language use without using the computer’s spelling and grammar check. However, the type of writing task does not affect the number of errors as there is no significant difference between the two writing tasks. It supports the fact that post systematic errors are caused by several factors such as language transfer, intralingual interference and sociolinguistic situation. Accordingly, process approach writing is needed in which learners are given chance to make progress and, as suggested by Krashen’s theory, to become optimal Monitor users.

Keywords


Stabilized Error; Argumentative Writing

Full Text:

PDF

References


American Psychological Association .(1990). Critical Thinking: a Statement of Expert Consensus for Purposes of Educational Assessment and Instruction (ERIC Document No. ED315423).

Anderson, L. & Trudgill, P. (1990). Bad Language. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, Ltd., pp 109-118.

Applied Linguitics & TESOL. (2006). http://appling.wordpress.com/ retrieved December 5th, 2013.

Brown, H.D. (2000). Principle of Language Learning and teaching. New York. Addition Wesley Longman, Inc

Brown, H. D. (2001). Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to LanguagePedagogy. New York: Longman.

Brown, H.D. (2007). Prinsip Pembelajaran dan Pengajaran Bahasa (ed.5). Translated by Cholis & Pareanom. Jakarta: US Embassy, p.297.

Cook, Guy. 2003. Applied Linguistics. New York: Oxford University Press, p. 6.

Crasswell, G. (2005). Writing for Academic Success: A Postgraduate Guide. London: SAGEPublication Ltd.

Elliot, C. and Lado, R. (2007). Error Analysis of Second Language Learners. http://www.lotsofessays.com/ retrieved December 5th, 2013.

Ernst, J.A. & Monroe, M. (2004). The Effects of Environment-Based Education on Students' Critical Thinking Skills and Disposition toward Critical Thinking. Environmental Education Research, 10: 4, 507-522.

Fauziati, E. (2010). Dynamicity of Interlanguage Errors: a Case Study of Indonesian Students Leraning English as a Foreign Language. Teflin 57th: Revitalizing Professionalism in ELT as a Response to the Globalized World. Bandung: Indonesia University of Education

Ferris, D. (2004). The “grammar correction” debate in L2 writing: Where are we and where do we go from here? Journal of Second Language Writing, 13:49–62.

Green and Hecht in http://appling.wordpress.com/ retrieved December 5th, 2013.

Hatch, E., & Brown, C. (1995). Vocabulary, Semantics, and Language Education. USA: Cambridge University Press.

Hong-wu, Z. & Jing, X. (2014). Interlanguage Fossilization in Chinese EFL Writing —An Empirical Research of 20 English Major Students. Sino-US English Teaching 11: 4, 248-258.

Jung, M. (2013). Types of errors in college students’ L2 writing in EFL environments. Journal of Pan-Pacific Association of Applied Linguistics, 17(2), 123-140.

Knott, D. (2009). Critical Reading vs. Critical Writing, (http://writing.utoronto.ca), retrieved June 29, 2013.

Krashen, S., Dulay, H. & Burt, M. (1982). Language Two.New York: Oxford University, Press.

Krashen, S.D. (1982). Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition. New York: Prentice-Hall International, pp.18-20.

McDonough , S.H., (1981). Psychology of Foreign Language Teaching, London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd.

Mundhenk R.T & Siebenschuh, W.R. (1978). Contact: A Guide to Writing Skills. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company,pp. 203-223.

Mason, T. (2002). Critique of Krashen II: The Natural Order Hypothesis. http://www.timothyjpmason.com/WebPages/LangTeach/ retrieved December 5th, 2010.

Nozadze, A. (2012). Dealing with Fossilized Errors while Teaching Grammar. Journal of Education, 1(1):41-46

Oshima A. & Hogue, A. (1999). Writing Academic English (3rd ed.) New York: Addison Wesley Longman, pp: 260-261.

Richard, J.C. (Eds). (1974). Error Analysis:Perspective on Second Language Acquisition. London. Longman Group Limited

Richard, J.C., & Schmidt, R. (2002). Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics. London: Pearson Education Limited.

Szasz, T. (1920 - ) Hungarian-born U.S. psychiatrist. Cited in Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation.

Ward-Cox M. W. (2012). A Critica Review of Language Errors in the Writing of Distance Education Students. Unpublished thesis submitted to University of South Africa.

White, R. V. (1995). New Ways in Teaching Writing. Bloomington Illinois: Pantagraph Printing.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/ling.v9i2.2736



Copyright (c) 2016 LiNGUA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra



Member of:

Crossref

Indexed by:

Dimension Google Scolar  Sinta Sinta   Journal TOCS     

Editorial Office:
Laboratory of Information and Publication, Faculty of Humanities
Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
Jalan Gajayana 50 Malang, Jawa Timur, Indonesia 65144
Email: jurnallingua@gmail.com
Phone: +62 (0)341 570872


Creative Commons License
LiNGUA by Laboratory of Information and Publication, Faculty of Humanities is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/humbud/index.