MULTILINGUISTICISM IN THE LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE OF TRANSPORTATION IN KUPANG

Norci Beeh, Seprianus Arwadi Nenotek, Alfred Snae, Naniana Nimrot Benu

Abstract


This article discusses the language form and the symbolic function of quotes or slogans on transportation around Kupang city. The data of this study were collected directly from the transportation around the streets. They were analyzed using qualitative methods, while the symbolic functions were analyzed using a critical discourse analysis model. It found that land transportation uses multi-languages, English, Indonesian, Kupang Malay, Uab Meto (Dawan), Rote, Sabu, Hebrew, Latin, and Betawi. Some use a particular style of language, such as p27den, and a combination of two or more languages or dialects. English is the most dominant language used. The lack of local languages shows massive cultural changes and people's attitudes toward local languages. The linguistic unit consists of words, phrases, clauses, sentences, and acronyms. English is dominant in each linguistic unit except in acronyms. The quotes represent six themes: love, religion, music, power, family, and regionalism. In general, They carry two functions, power relations, and identity.


Keywords


Linguistic landscape; symbolic function; written language; language form; land transportation

Full Text:

PDF

References


Artawa, K., Mulyawan, I. W., Satyawati, M. S., & Erawati, N. K. R. (2020). Balinese In Public Spaces (A Linguistic Landscapes Study In Kuta Village). Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(7), 6-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.07.02.

Backhaus, P. (2007). Linguistic Landscapes: Comparative Study of Urban Multilinguisticism in Tokyo. UK: Multilinguistic Matters

Beeh, N. (2017). Semantics Analysis on Speech Act Used in Bemo (Kupang’s Public Transportation). Prosiding International Seminar on Language Maintenance and Shift (LAMAS) 7. e-ISSN: 2540-8755. Pp. 459-464.

Ben-Rafael, E. (2009). A Sociological Approach to the Study of Linguistic Landscapes. In: Shohamy, E & Gorter, D. (Eds). Linguistic Landscape: Expanding the Scenery. New York: Routledge.

Ben-Rafael, E., Shohamy, E., Hasan Amara, M., & Trumper-Hecht, N. (2006). Linguistic landscape as symbolic construction of the public space: The case of Israel. International journal of multilinguisticism, 3(1), 7-30.

Benu, N.N. (2022). Bahasa Dawan: Pemarkahan Morfologis, Pola Urut dan Tipe. Malang: Rena Cipta Mandiri. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/365447802.

Benu, N. N. (2021, November). Dawan Language in Public Space (A Linguistic Landscape Study in Kota Kupang and Soe). In International Seminar on Austronesian Languages and Literature (Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 147-152).

Dixon, R. M.W. (2010a). Basic Linguistic Theory, Vol. 1: Methodology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Dixon, R. M.W. (2010b). Basic Linguistic Theory, Vol. 2: Grammatical Topics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Dryer, M. S. (2006). Descriptive Theories, Explanatory Theories, and Basic Linguistic Theory. In Catching Language: The Standing Challenge of Grammar Writing, ed. by Felix K. Ameka, Alan Dench and Nicholas Evans, 207–34. Trends in Linguistics No. 167. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

Fairclough, N., & Wodak, R. (1997). Critical Discourse Analysis. In: T. A. Van Dijk (Ed.), Introduction to Discourse Analysis. pp. 258–284. Sage.

Fairclough, N. (2003). Analysing discourse: Textual analysis for social research. Psychology Press.

Ferrarotti, L. (2017). The Linguistic Landscape and Its Potential for English Language Teaching. Journal for EuroLinguistiX, 14, 63-68.

Gorter, D., Cenoz, J., & der Worp, K. V. (2021). The Linguistic Landscape As A Resource For Language Learning And Raising Language Awareness. Journal of Spanish Language Teaching, 8(2), 161-181. https://doi.org/10.1080/23247797.2021.2014029.

Gorter, D. (2018). Methods and Techniques for Linguistic Landscape Research: About Definitions, Core Issues and Technological Innovations. In Martin Pütz & Neele Mundt (eds). Expanding the Linguistic Landscape: Multilinguisticism, Language Policy and the Use of Space as a Semiotic Resource. Pp. 38-57. Bristol: Multilinguistic Matters.

Haspelmath, M. (2009). Framework-Free Grammatical Theory. In The Oxford Handbook of Linguistic Analysis, ed. by Bernd Heine and Heiko Narrog. Pp.341–65. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Huebner, T. (2016). Linguistic Landscape: History, Trajectory and Pedagogy. MANUSYA: Journal of Humanities, 19(3), 1-11. http://www.manusya.journals.chula.ac.th/

Landry, R & Bourhis, R. Y. (1997). Linguistic Landscape and Ethnolinguistic Vitality: An Empirical Study. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 16(1), 23-49.

Lee, T. K. (2020). Choreographing linguistic landscapes in Singapore. Applied Linguistics Review, 13(6), 949-981. https://doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2020-0009.

Liu, A. H. (2015). Standardizing Diversity: The Political Economy of Language Regimes. USA: University of Pennsylvania Press

Marten, H.F., Mensel, L. V., & Gorter, D. (2012). Studying Minority Languages in the Linguistic Landscape. In D. Gorter, H.F. Marten & L. Van Mensel (Eds.) Minority Languages in the Linguistic Landscape. pp. 1-15. Palgrave MacMillan, London.

Nenotek, S. A., & Benu, N. N. (2022). The Use of Technology in Teaching and Learning (Case Study in Two State Schools in Kupang, Indonesia During The Covid-19 Pandemic). RIELS:

Randwick International of Education and Linguistics Science Journal. 3(2), 249-255. https://doi.org/10.47175/rielsj.v3i2.452.

Onofri, L., Nunes, P. A.L.D., Cenoz, J., & Gorter, D. (2013). Linguistic Diversity and Preferences: Econometric Evidence from European Cities. Journal of Economics and Econometrics, 56(1), 39-60.

Paramarta, I., Artawa, K., Satyawati, M.S., Purnawati, K.W., Suputra, P.E.D., Sudana, P.A.P. (2022). Language Contestation on The Virtual Linguistic Landscape of The Government Website of Bali, Indonesia. Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, 14(3), 1-12.

https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v14n3.19.

Payne, T. E. (1997). Describing Morphosyntax: A Guide for Field Linguists. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.

Purnanto, D., Yustanto, H., Ginanjar, B., & Ardhian, D. (2022). English Operation In Public Space: Linguistic Landscape in Culinary business of Surakarta, Indonesia. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 18(1), 345-360. DOI: 10.52462/jlls.186.

Shen, Y. (2022). Exploring the Linguistic Landscape of a Historical and Cultural City in China: From the Perspective of Language Ecology. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 12(10), 2172-2181. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1210.25.

Sneddon, J. N., Adelaar, A., Djenar, D. N., & Ewing, M. C. (2010). Indonesian Reference Grammar. Crows Nest. New South Wales: Allen and Unwin.

Takhtarovaa, S. S., Kaleginab, T.E., Yarullinac, F. I. (2015). The role of English in Shaping The Linguistic Landscape of Paris, Berlin and Kazan. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 199, 453 – 458. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.07.531.

Tanate, V. L, Tans, F, & Semiun, A. (2020). Analisis Teks Pada Angkutan Kota Jalur 2 (Dua) Kota Kupang: Sebuah Kajian Wacana Kritis. Metalingua: Jurnal Penelitian Bahasa, 18(1), 163–174.

Tunliu, A.J.M.; Nenotek, S.A.; Benu, N.N. (2022). Study of Church Name in Kupang City: Linguistic Landscape Approach. ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, 5 (4), 633-642. https://doi.org/10.34050/elsjish.v5i4.23311.

Van Dijk, T. A. (2001). Critical Discourse Analysis. In D. Tannen, Schiffrin, & H. Hamiltion (Eds.), Handbook of Discourse Analysis. pp. 352–371. Blackwell.

Van Dijk, T. A. (1997). The Study of Discourse. In Van Dijk, Teun A. (Eds). Discourse as Structure and Process. Pp. 1-34. London: Sage Publication.

Xiaomei, W., & Daming, X. (2018). The Mismatches Between Minority Language Practices And National Language Policy in Malaysia: A Linguistic Landscape Approach. Kajian Malaysia: Journal of Malaysian Studies, 36(1),105–125. https://doi.org/10.21315/km2018.36.1.5.

Yendra, Y., Artawa, K., Suparwa, I. N., & Satyawati, M. S. (2020). Symbolic Functions of Graffiti in Padang City of Indonesia: Critical Linguistic Landscape Studies. Jurnal Arbitrer, 7(1), 100-108. https://doi.org/10.25077/ar.7.1.100-108.2020.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/ling.v17i2.17737



Copyright (c) 2023 LiNGUA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Member of:

Crossref

Indexed by:

Dimension Google Scolar  Sinta Sinta   Journal TOCS     

Editorial Office:
Laboratory of Information and Publication, Faculty of Humanities
Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
Jalan Gajayana 50 Malang, Jawa Timur, Indonesia 65144
Email: jurnallingua@gmail.com
Phone: +62 (0)341 570872


Creative Commons License
LiNGUA by Laboratory of Information and Publication, Faculty of Humanities is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/humbud/index.