Email this article 
Hide
Show all
THE LANGUAGE OF PARENTING: REVEALING THE USAGE OF CONTROL ACTS IN THE PURSUIT OF HAPPYNESS
Abstract
In paternal parenting, compared to the mother, the father tends to use controlling language that provokes conversation, such as WH questions and requests for clarification. Controlling language (control acts) is an attempt to generate a change in the actions of others. Through a pragmatic approach, this qualitative study explores the strategy, pattern, and politeness of controlling language through a paternal parenting perspective. The present study used the theory of controlling language by Ervin-Tripp et al. (1990), direct or indirect speech acts by Searle (1971), and Brown and Levinson's theory of politeness (1987). The data in this study are the directive utterances in the film The Pursuit of Happyness. These data were collected through content analysis through listening and note-taking technique and analyzed using Spradley (2016). The study found 117 directive speech act data. From the data, order/command of control acts was the dominant act with 56 data. Besides, the most politeness strategy used was positive politeness. The study's finding suggests that all fathers pay more attention to parenting their children because they play a vital role in children's cognitive development. Moreover, in Indonesian society, patriarchy prevails, where fathers act as breadwinners and mothers nurture and educate children at home.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Alfaleh, S. A. (2019). Direct Speech Act in Communication between Saudi Arabian Family Members. International Journal of Language & Linguistics, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.30845/ijll.v6n1p12
Anderson, L. A., O’Brien Caughy, M., & Owen, M. T. (2022). “The Talk” and Parenting While Black in America: Centering Race, Resistance, and Refuge. Journal of Black Psychology, 48(3–4), 475–506. https://doi.org/10.1177/00957984211034294
Arani, S. S. (2012). A Study of Directive Speech Acts Used by Iranian Nursery School Children: The Impact of Context on Children’s Linguistic Choices. International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature, 1(5), 163–175. https://doi.org/10.7575/ijalel.v.1n.5p.163
Bentenuto, A., & Venuti, P. (2019). From Supporting to Co-Parenting: The New Roles of Fathers. Parenting, 19(1–2), 30–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2019.1555423
Bos, K. J. (2009). Effects of early psychosocial deprivation on the development of memory and executive function. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 3. https://doi.org/10.3389/neuro.08.016.2009
Brown, P., & Levinson, S. C. (1987). Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge University Press.
Creswell, J. W. (2003). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method approaches (2nd ed). Sage Publications.
Edy, A. (2020). Mendidik Anak Tanpa Teriakan dan Bentakan (Cetakan Kedua). Noura Books.
Elliott, S., & Reid, M. (2019). Low-Income Black Mothers Parenting Adolescents in the Mass Incarceration Era: The Long Reach of Criminalization. American Sociological Review, 84(2), 197–219. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122419833386
Elvira, M., & Santoso, S. T. P. (2022). EDUKASI PENGASUHAN ANAK MELALUI KETERLIBATAN AYAH DI TK ISLAM AL MAARIF SINGOSARI. Jurnal Abdimas Indonesia, 2(3), 455–461. https://doi.org/10.53769/jai.v2i3.334
Erlinda, R. (2019). Positive Politeness Strategies in EFL Classroom Interaction [Preprint]. INA-Rxiv. https://doi.org/10.31227/osf.io/n69ps
Ervin-Tripp, S., Guo, J., & Lampert, M. (1990). Politeness and persuasion in children’s control acts. Journal of Pragmatics, 14(2), 307–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(90)90085-R
Faber, J., & King, J. (2017). How to talk so little kids will listen: A survival guide to life with children ages 2-7 (First Scribner edition). Scribner.
Harewood, T., Vallotton, C. D., & Brophy-Herb, H. (2017). More than Just the Breadwinner: The Effects of Fathers’ Parenting Stress on Children’s Language and Cognitive Development: Paternal Stress Affects Boys’ and Girls’ Development. Infant and Child Development, 26(2), e1984. https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.1984
Ibraheem, S. J. (2018). Utilization Of The Direct And Indirect Speech Act Of Assertion By The Sentence Types. ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES, 216(1), 109–126. https://doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v216i1.583
Leech, G. N. (1983). Principles of pragmatics. Longman.
Madigan, S., Prime, H., Graham, S. A., Rodrigues, M., Anderson, N., Khoury, J., & Jenkins, J. M. (2019). Parenting Behavior and Child Language: A Meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 144(4), e20183556. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2018-3556
Maruti, E. S. (2022). DIRECT OPEN STRATEGY IN JAVANESE APOLOGY SPEECH ACT: A PRAGMATIC STUDY. Journal of Pragmatics and Discourse Research, 1(2), 64–75. https://doi.org/10.51817/jpdr.v1i2.193
Meuwissen, A. S., & Carlson, S. M. (2015). Fathers matter: The role of father parenting in preschoolers’ executive function development. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 140, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2015.06.010
Murphy, M. L., & Felice, R. D. (2019). Routine politeness in American and British English requests: Use and non-use of please. Journal of Politeness Research, 15(1), 77–100. https://doi.org/10.1515/pr-2016-0027
Nurmalasari, I., Mujiyanto, J., & Joko Yulianto, H. (2021). The Use of Non-Verbal Communication in Supporting the Realization of Brown & Levinson Politeness Strategies. English Education Journal, 11(3), 452–464. https://doi.org/10.15294/eej.v11i1.47832
Pratiwi, W., & Laila, M. (2020). Speech Act Use in Parenting Style toward Children Self-Esteem in Bad Moms Movie. Ethical Lingua: Journal of Language Teaching and Literature, 7(2), 288–299. https://doi.org/10.30605/25409190.195
R, S. (2019). Seni Mendengar dan Komunikasi yang Efektif.
Rahayu, S. (2020). Types of speech acts and principles of mother’s politeness in mother and child conversation. KEMBARA: Jurnal Keilmuan Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Pengajarannya, 6(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.22219/kembara.v6i1.11695
Salih, R. H., & Mohamed, W. H. (2020). Linguistic Concepts in Filmmaking World: A Study on Selected English Movies and Series. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.22945.12641
Santoso, Y. I., & Sugiharto, P. A. (2022). THE ANALYSIS OF DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACT DURING DISTANCE LEARNING. Jurnal Ilmiah Spectral, 8(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.47255/spectral.v8i1.103
Sapitri, P. A., Chasanah, A., Putri, A. A., & Paulima, J. (2020). Exploring Brown and Levinson’s Politeness Strategies: An Explanation on the Nature of the Politeness Phenomenon. REiLA : Journal of Research and Innovation in Language, 1(3), 111–117. https://doi.org/10.31849/reila.v1i3.3801
Sari, A. W., Laila, A., Putri, F. R., Armet, A., & Yulisna, R. (2022). TEACHER STRATEGIES IN DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACT ON THE GROWTH OF PANCASILA CHARACTER IN STUDENTS. Journal of Pragmatics and Discourse Research, 2(2), 90–97. https://doi.org/10.51817/jpdr.v2i2.218
Searle, J. R. (1969). Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language (1st ed.). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139173438
Searle, J. R. (1971). The philosophy of language. Oxford University Press.
Searle, J. R. (1976). A classification of illocutionary acts. Language in Society, 5(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404500006837
Simon, A. I. D. (2022). Communication in Healthy Parenting: The Interplay of Positive Parenting Strategies and Parents’ Communication Styles. In S. Ali Samadi (Ed.), Parenting—Challenges of Child Rearing in a Changing Society. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101026
Spradley, J. P. (2016). Participant observation (Reissued [i.e. New edition]). Waveland Press.
Surono, S., Sumarlam, S., Wiratno, T., & Marmanto, S. (2019). Kindergarten Teachers’ Directive Speech Acts for Parenting towards their Students In the Teaching-Learning Process in Yogyakarta. Proceedings of the Fifth Prasasti International Seminar on Linguistics (PRASASTI 2019). Proceedings of the Fifth Prasasti International Seminar on Linguistics (PRASASTI 2019), Solo, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.2991/prasasti-19.2019.50
Tully, L. A., Piotrowska, P. J., Collins, D. A. J., Mairet, K. S., Black, N., Kimonis, E. R., Hawes, D. J., Moul, C., Lenroot, R. K., Frick, P. J., Anderson, V., & Dadds, M. R. (2017). Optimising child outcomes from parenting interventions: Fathers’ experiences, preferences and barriers to participation. BMC Public Health, 17(1), 550. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4426-1
Wong, J. J., Roubinov, D. S., Gonzales, N. A., Dumka, L. E., &
Millsap, R. E. (2013). Father Enrollment and Participation in a Parenting Intervention: Personal and Contextual Predictors. Family Process, 52(3), 440–454. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12024
Yule, G. (2006). Pragmatik. Pustaka Pelajar.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/ling.v18i1.20685
Copyright (c) 2023 LiNGUA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Member of:
Indexed by:
Editorial Office:
Laboratory of Information and Publication, Faculty of Humanities
Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
Jalan Gajayana 50 Malang, Jawa Timur, Indonesia 65144
Email: jurnallingua@gmail.com
Phone: +62 (0)341 570872
LiNGUA by Laboratory of Information and Publication, Faculty of Humanities is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/humbud/index.