Syntactic Phenomena In Ibn Al-Farid's Rhyme Scheme With The Letter Ya/ الظواهر التركيبية في قافية يائيَّةِ ابن الفارض

Abstract

This research examines the structural phenomena within the Ya’iyya (poems rhyming in the letter Ya) of Ibn al-Farid, revealing the synergy between grammatical rules and phonetic properties within a linguistic fabric that highlights the poet's genius. The study is organized into four main sections: prepositions suffixed with the first-person singular Ya, dual nouns suffixed with it, and the present tense verb in both the jussive and subjunctive moods. The research concludes that Ibn al-Farid leveraged grammatical flexibility and the aesthetics of the Ya rhyme to articulate his spiritual experiences. He favored nouns suffixed with the Ya due to their superior suitability for rhythmic pauses, while minimizing the use of present tense verbs to avoid the constraints of the grammatical sukun (jussive stillness), which might limit morphological fluidity. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that the absence of overt inflectional marks in the rhyme dissolved the grammatical boundaries between the self and the Beloved, transforming the structural effect into an evocative energy that serves the concepts of Fana (annihilation) and Wahdat al-Wujud (Unity of Existence). The choice of this specific rhyme granted the poet a "structural freedom" that enabled him to employ techniques such as hyperbaton (word order shifting) and ellipsis in a manner consistent with the flow of spiritual ecstasy and Sufi intoxication.