Flipped and Think Talk Write Models as English Language Learning Design for Madrasah Aliyah Students

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to develop an English learning design that integrates Flipped Learning and Think Talk Write (TTW) for Madrasah Aliyah students. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate). In the Define stage, needs analysis was conducted through student questionnaires and teacher interviews involving 40 students and 3 English teachers across MAN 3 Madina and MAN 1 Madina. The Design stage produced a draft integrating Flipped Learning and TTW with digital and print-based media adapted for schools with limited smartphone access. In the Develop stage, the draft was validated by two expert validators—a media expert from Universitas Negeri Medan (UNIMED) and an instructional design expert from STBA PIA Medan—yielding an average validation score of 4.5 to 5, categorized as highly valid and feasible. During the Disseminate stage, the finalized design was implemented in classroom settings and evaluated through student questionnaires and teacher interviews regarding its strengths, weaknesses, and areas for improvement, followed by a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with 35 participants. This study does not measure learning outcomes; instead, it focuses on developing and validating a feasible instructional design. The novelty of this research lies in integrating Flipped Learning and TTW with a hybrid digital-print media approach adapted for Islamic senior high schools with restrictive device policies, offering both theoretical and practical contributions to English language teaching improvement.